Oral Examination

Types of Screws in Orthopedics - FRCS (Tr & Orth) Examination Concepts

Types of Screws in Orthopedics - FRCS (Tr & Orth) Examination Concepts body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; color: #333; } .container { max-width: 800px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px; background-color:

Understanding Biomechanical Concepts of Screws in Orthopedics: FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination Review

Understanding Biomechanical Concepts of Screws in Orthopedics: FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination Review body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; color: #333; } .container { max-width: 800px; margin: 0 auto; padding:

Screws: FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination Concepts

Screws: FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination Concepts body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; color: #333; } .container { max-width: 800px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px; background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius:

The Fascinating Process of Fracture Healing: A Mock FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination

The Fascinating Process of Fracture Healing: A Mock FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; color: #333; } .container { max-width: 800px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px; background-color:

Understanding Plates in Orthopedics: FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination Concepts

Plates: FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination Concepts body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; color: #333; } .container { max-width: 800px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px; background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius:

Understanding IM Nail in Orthopedics: FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination Concepts

Understanding IM Nail in Orthopedics: FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination Concepts body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; color: #333; } .container { max-width: 800px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px; background-color:

Biomechanics of IM Nails for FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination

Orthopedic Concepts: Biomechanics of IM Nails for FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; color: #333; } .container { max-width: 800px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px; background-color:

FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination: Abbreviated Fight Bite Case Presentation

A 28-year-old man presents 72 hours following an injury to his left hand. He seems evasive about the history but finally admits to being involved in a fight.       Quiz on Fight Bite Injury body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size:

Distal Radius Fracture Trauma Case for FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination

Quiz on Distal Radius Fracture body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .container { max-width: 800px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px; } .question-container

Monteggia Fractures Trauma Case for FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination

  Quiz on Monteggia Fracture Dislocation body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .container { max-width: 800px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px; } .question-container

Olecranon Fractures Trauma Case for FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination

This is the radiograph of the elbow of a 40-year-old man who fell off his bicycle.     Quiz on Olecranon Fractures body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .container

FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination: Abbreviated Fractures of the Radial Head Case Presentation

A 32-year-old man fell while rollerblading, injuring his left dominant elbow. He complained of pain and a reduced range of movement. These are the emergency department radiographs, which shows an isolated injury.     Quiz on Radial Head Fractures body

Terrible Triad Injuries Trauma Case for FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination

A 29-year-old man fell from a horse, injuring his right dominant elbow. He is seen in the fracture clinic and these are his radiographs from the emergency department.     Quiz on Terrible Triad Injury body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size:

Elbow Dislocation Trauma Case for FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination

A 22-year-old man has injured his left arm in a rugby tackle. He is seen in the emergency department. These are his radiographs.     Quiz on Elbow Dislocation body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; margin:

Distal Humerus Fracture Trauma Case for FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination

A 66-year-old man is admitted to the orthopaedic unit after a fall in which he injured his elbow.  This is an isolated injury.     Quiz on Distal Humerus Fracture body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height:

Sport Orthopedics Mcqs online Bank

(SAE12SN.35) What is the most commonly involved level for brachial plexus stretch injuries or "stingers" in younger athletes involved in collision sports? Review Topic   1 C3-4 2 C4-5 3 C5-6 4 C6-7 5 C7-T1   PREFERRED

Lower limb Trauma Structured oral examination question 9

Lower limb Trauma Structured oral examination question 9 A 29-year-old female horse rider fell off her horse; she has been fully assessed in A&E and has an

Lower limb Trauma Structured oral examination question 8

Lower limb Trauma Structured oral examination question 8 A 72-year-old woman, fully independent with good health, was hit by a car when she was walking on a kerb. She was brought to hospital with these injuries. She was assessed following ATLS protocol. She was

Lower limb Trauma Structured oral examination question 7

Lower limb Trauma Structured oral examination question 7 A 78-year-old woman fell out of her bed and sus- tained this injury. She is in reasonably good

Lower limb Trauma Structured oral examination question 6

Lower limb Trauma Structured oral examination question 6 A 50-year-old woman, front-seat passenger, was involved in a head-on high speed car collision.

Lower limb Trauma Structured oral examination question 5

Lower limb Trauma Structured oral examination question 5 A 21-year-old motorcyclist was involved in a road traffic accident. He was brought to A&E fully con- scious and alert, and formal assessment following ATLS protocol showed that this was an

Lower limb Trauma Structured oral examination question 4

Lower limb Trauma Structured oral examination question 4 A 33-year-old roofer fell from a height of

Lower limb Trauma Structured oral examination question 3

Lower limb Trauma Structured oral examination question 3 Minutes 1 and 2 EXAMINER: A 49-year-old lady fell on the stairs. Her foot is very painful, bruised, swollen and

Lower limb Trauma Structured oral examination question 2

Lower limb Trauma Structured oral examination question 2 A 79-year-old woman fell in her garden sustaining this injury. She is generally quite independent, has a history of angina which is controlled and likes

Lower limb Trauma Structured oral examination question 1

Lower limb Trauma Structured oral examination question 1 A 35-year-old motorcyclist came off his bike

Orthopaedic oncology Structured oral examination question 9: Lipoma

Orthopaedic oncology Structured oral examination question

Orthopaedic oncology Structured oral examination question 8: Ewing’s sarcoma

Orthopaedic oncology Structured oral examination question

Orthopaedic oncology Structured oral examination question 6: Osteosarcoma

Orthopaedic oncology Structured oral examination question 6: Osteosarcoma EXAMINER: This young lad presented with a painful knee and a lump after a football injury. What do you think of the

oncology Structured oral examination question 7: Aneurysmal bone cyst

oncology Structured oral examination question 7: Aneurysmal bone cyst EXAMINER: This is a 20-year-old man who presents with pain

Orthopaedic oncology Structured oral examination question 5: Chondrosarcoma

Orthopaedic oncology Structured oral examination question

Orthopaedic oncology Structured oral examination question 4: Chondrosarcoma

Orthopaedic oncology Structured oral examination question 4: Chondrosarcoma EXAMINER: This 60-year-old lady presented with pain and swelling around her lower back. What can you see

Orthopaedic oncology Structured oral examination question 3: Non-ossifying fibroma

Orthopaedic oncology Structured oral examination question 3: Non-ossifying fibroma EXAMINER: Tell me about this radiograph.

Orthopaedic oncology Structured oral examination question 2: Enchondroma

Orthopaedic oncology Structured oral examination question 2: Enchondroma Figure 7.2 Enchondroma. EXAMINER: Tell me about these radiographs of this chap’s right foot. (Figure 7.2.) CANDIDATE: Well they’re AP and oblique views and they show an expansile, lytic lesion in the

Orthopaedic oncology Structured oral examination question 1: Osteochondroma

Orthopaedic oncology Structured oral examination question 1: Osteochondroma EXAMINER: This young lad has been referred to you urgently by his GP after his mum brought him in with a firm lump on the front of his left thigh. Tell me about his X-ray. (Figure 7.1.) CANDIDATE: This is a lateral

Orthopaedic oncology Generic structured oral examination question 3: Staging

Orthopaedic oncology Generic structured oral examination question 3: Staging EXAMINER: So what stage is this tumour?   CANDIDATE: I would stage this tumour using the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society staging system as described   Table 7.1 Enneking/MSTS staging

Orthopaedic oncology Generic structured oral examination question 2: Margins

Orthopaedic oncology Generic structured oral examination question 2: Margins EXAMINER: What do you understand by a marginal margin?   CANDIDATE: A marginal margin, as described by Enneking, is when the resection line passes through the reactive zone of the tumour being

Orthopaedic oncology Generic structured oral examination question 1: Biopsy

Orthopaedic oncology Generic structured oral examination question 1: Biopsy EXAMINER: So how would you obtain a tissue diagnosis?   CANDIDATE: A tissue sample can be obtained by biopsy. In general terms this can be performed by excisional, incisional or percutaneous means, but I

Elbow structured oral examination question 5

Elbow structured oral examination question 5 EXAMINER: I have a problem with my left elbow. Proceed. CANDIDATE: Well, I want to know your age, hand dominance, your occupation and the nature of your problem please. EXAMINER: I am 47, a right-hand dominant mechanic and in certain positions

Elbow structured oral examination question 4

Elbow structured oral examination question 4 EXAMINER: Good morning. Here are the radiographs of a righthand dominant 43-year-old man’s right elbow. Tell me the findings. (Figure 6.5.) CANDIDATE: Good morning. These radiographs show narrowing of joint space on both ulnohumeral and

Elbow structured oral examination question 3

Elbow structured oral examination question 3 EXAMINER: What do you see in this radiograph of a 67- year-old lady’s right elbow? (Figure 6.4.) CANDIDATE: This radiograph shows extensive erosion of the articular cartilage which has involved both ulnohumeral and radiocapitellar joints. The

Elbow structured oral examination question 2

Elbow structured oral examination question 2 EXAMINER: Look at these radiographs of of the right elbow of a 33-year-old patient and tell me the findings. CANDIDATE: This plain radiograph of a right elbow shows one loose body in the anterior aspect of the joint. EXAMINER: What would you

Elbow structured oral examination question 1

Elbow Make a list of conditions causing painful, locking, stiff, flail and unstable elbow. Painful elbow pathology could be best remembered by its anatomical position – anterior, medial, posterior and lateral. Do not forget the nerves around the elbow while making your list. Elbow

Shoulder and elbow structured oral examination question5

Shoulder and elbow structured oral examination question5 EXAMINER: Good afternoon. Can you tell me the findings from this radiograph of the left shoulder of a 76-year-old lefthanded fit gentleman? (Figure 6.3.) CANDIDATE: This anteroposterior view of left shoulder shows no evidence of

Shoulder and elbow structured oral examination question4

Shoulder and elbow structured oral examination question4 EXAMINER: This is a radiograph of a 63-year-old gentleman’s right shoulder. Proceed. CANDIDATE: This plain AP radiograph shows normal glenohumeral joint and acromioclavicular joint, wellmaintained subacromial space but the

Shoulder and elbow structured oral examination question3

Shoulder and elbow structured oral examination question3 EXAMINER: This is a radiograph of right shoulder of a lady who has got severe pain in her shoulder. Anything you find interesting? (Figure 6.2.) CANDIDATE: Well ... No not really ... I cannot see any abnormal or disease process in this

Shoulder and elbow structured oral examination question2

Shoulder and elbow structured oral examination question2 EXAMINER: Good afternoon. Can you tell me what is going on in this radiograph of the right shoulder (Fig. 6.2.)? This patient had anterior dislocation 2 years ago and has on-going problems. CANDIDATE: Well this shoulder is reduced

Shoulder and elbow structured oral examination question1

Shoulder and elbow structured oral examination question1 EXAMINER: This is a radiograph of the left shoulder of an 84-year-old lady. Describe the radiograph please. (Figure 6.1.)   CANDIDATE: Well ... Good morning. This is the plain radiograph of an 84-year-old lady’s left

Structured oral examination question 4: Scoliosis

Structured oral examination question 4: Scoliosis EXAMINER : What can you see? (Figure 5.5.) CANDIDATE: This is an AP radiograph showing the spine, ribs and iliac crests. There is a left-sided, lumbar scoliosis. EXAMINER: What different types of scoliosis do you know? What type of

Structured oral examination question 4: Cavus foot

Structured oral examination question 4: Cavus foot EXAMINER: These are pictures of the left foot of a 20- year-old man. Describe them. (Figure 4.4.) CANDIDATE: These photographs show the anterior, medial and posterior views of a left foot with a cavus deformity. The hindfoot is in varus and

Structured oral examination question 8: Patellar instability

Structured oral examination question 8: Patellar instability EXAMINER: A 17-year-old lady is referred to your Patella clinic by the GP due to recurrent bilateral patellar dislocation. How would you assess this patient? CANDIDATE: I would start by taking a detailed history followed by clinical

KNEE Structured oral examination question7: Revision knee replacement

KNEE Structured oral examination question7: Revision knee replacement EXAMINER: Have a look at these images and tell me what you can see. (Figure 3.7.) CANDIDATE: These are AP and lateral radiographs of failed left total knee replacement. The implants appear to be loose with widespread

KNEE Structured oral examination question2: Meniscus – basic science

KNEE Structured oral examination question2: Meniscus – basic science EXAMINER: Tell me about the anatomy and function of the meniscus. CANDIDATE: The menisci are crescentic cartilaginous structures interposed between the tibia and femoral condyles. They are triangular in cross-section.

KNEE Structured oral examination question1: TKR in valgus knee

KNEE Structured oral examination question1: TKR in valgus knee EXAMINER: This is a radiograph of a 72-year-old lady complaining of pain and gradual deformity of both knees. She has been referred to your clinic to be considered for total knee arthroplasty. What can you see? (Figure

Structured Hip Oral Examination Question 2

Structured Hip Oral Examination Question 2 EXAMINER: This is an anteroposterior (AP) radiograph of a 52-year-old woman who presents to your clinic with non-specific right hip pain. She had a right metal-on-metal hip resurfacing procedure performed 3 years ago. (Figure 2.4.) CANDIDATE: The

Structured Hip oral examination question 1

 Hip structured oral questions Structured Hip oral examination question 1 EXAMINER: This is a radiograph of a 77-year-old woman who sustained a displaced intracapsular fractured neck of femur 3 years earlier managed with a hemiarthroplasty of the hip (see Figure 2.1). She was

Hip structured oral questions

Chapter Hip structured oral questions 2   All viva questions outlined here are examples of actual questions asked in the FRCS (Tr & Orth) exam. Currently each viva question lasts 5 minutes and examiners are advised against switching to another topic earlier even if a candidate

General guidance for the FRCS (Tr & Orth)

  The FRCS (Tr & Orth) Oral Examination General guidance for the FRCS (Tr & Orth)     The FRCS (Tr & Orth) exam sets out to provide an assessment of the knowledge and skills and the ability to use these to the required standards of a consultant

Topics for the structured oral exam

Topics for the structured oral exam Ideally topics should be asked that cannot be assessed in a hands-on setting at the clinical exams, e.g. trauma emergencies, critical condition and acute illnesses. Some topics such as avascular necrosis (AVN) find their way into both parts of the exam so this

Oral exam questions

Oral exam questions On average you will spend 5 minutes on each oral viva topic. Should a question have a somewhat limited scope or your knowledge is poor you will spend a little less time on it, but consistency demands that the examiners divide the time more or less equally. The oral vivas are

Viva tactics

Viva tactics It very rapidly becomes apparent to the examiners how well a candidate has prepared for the structured oral examination. Usually within the first two minutes or so a score is formulated and tends to stay constant. It is unusual for a candidate to significantly change their

Marking system

Marking system A closed marking system is used from 4 to 8 and this equates to the following:  4 – Poor fail.  5 – Fail.  6 – Pass.  7 – Good pass.  8 – Exceptional

Viva voce and the new structured oral examination

Viva voce and the new structured oral examination The ISB makes a clear distinction between the traditional viva voce and the new structured oral examination. The viva voce was the traditional form of oral exam, where one or more examiners fired random questions at a candidate in a

Practicalities of the oral exam

Practicalities of the oral exam The viva or structured oral examination consists of four 30-minute orals: trauma, adult elective orthopaedics, children’s orthopaedics/hand and upper limb and applied basic sciences. Each viva section lasts 30 minutes during which time you will be asked