Lower limb Trauma Structured oral examination question 9
Lower limb Trauma Structured oral examination question 9
A 29-year-old female horse rider fell off her horse; she has been fully assessed in A&E and has an isolated closed injury of the foot. (Figure 8.16.)
Minute 1
EXAMINER: What are your views?
CANDIDATE: The radiographs of the left foot, AP and oblique show a displaced fracture of the body of navicular bone with comminution. There is overlap of mid-tarsal bones and I can’t exclude fractures of other tarsal bones. The alignment of the foot is still maintained and there is no varus or valgus deformity.
This is a serious injury, probably high energy. I need to assess the patient as a whole: relevant history, clinical examination in general and in particular of the foot ruling out compartment syndrome, any neurovascular damage and assessing the soft tissue envelope of the foot. I would then request further imaging, the modality of choice being CT scan.
I would initially treat the injured foot in a backslab, with strict elevation and intermittent cryotherapy, adequate analgesia and close monitoring for evolving compartment syndrome.
Minute 2
EXAMINER: This is the scan you requested. What do you see, and how would you manage it? (Figure 8.17.)
CANDIDATE: These coronal and sagittal sections of the CT scan confirm X-ray findings of a displaced fracture of the body of navicular bone with comminution. It is an unstable displaced
intra-articular fracture and I would favour operative intervention rather than non-operative. The principles of management are to restore the articular surface, stabilize and hold the fracture to allow early mobilization. The aim of the treatment is to have a mobile, pain-free and functional joint. However, sometimes that is not possible
due to severe comminution of the articular surface, in which case I may consider primary fusion of the talonavicular joint.
I would discuss findings, management options, aims of the treatment as well as potential complications with the patient and seek informed consent before proceeding.
Minute 3
EXAMINER: Can you tell us about possible complications associated with this case?
CANDIDATE: These are immediate, early and late complications. Immediate complications are in the perioperative period and include iatrogenic injury to structures, compartment syndrome and anaesthetic problems. Early complications include infection, nerve injury (branches of superficial and deep peroneal nerves) and vascular injury (dorsalis pedis). Late complications include non-union and loss of medial longitudinal arch support, painful talonavicular joint, post-traumatic osteoarthritis, as well as avascular necrosis and collapse.
Minute 4
EXAMINER: Why do non-union and avascular necrosis occur in this fracture?
CANDIDATE: The navicular bone, similar to talus, has a large articular surface area and for the blood supply it relies on the radial arcade of vessels arising from the dorsalis pedis and medial planter arteries and this could be injured either at the time of fracture or during surgery, which could lead to AVN, non-union and/or collapse of the bone resulting in a painful mid-foot.
EXAMINER: What surgical approach are you going to use?
CANDIDATE: I would use a medial approach, between the tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior tendons, preserving the remaining blood supply as much as possible, reduce the articular surface and stabilize with cannulated screws from lateral to medial. The eventual configuration of screws will depend on the fracture pattern.
Minute 5
EXAMINER: Take me through your consent process, in general.
CANDIDATE: I follow GMC guidelines: ‘Consent: patients and doctors making decisions together’. I work in partnership with the patient to ensure high quality of care.
(a) I listen to patients and respect their views about their health;
(b) discuss with patients what their views about diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and care involve;
(c) share with patients the information they want or need in order to make decisions;
(d) maximize patients’ opportunities, and their ability to make decisions for themselves;
(e) respect patients’ decisions.
Remember what the golfer Gary Player said: ‘The more I practise the luckier I get’. That is exactly what you need to pass FRCS Orth. Exam, practice and luck!
Lower limb Trauma Structured oral