Orthopedic Board Review Practice Exam: Set 590 – 100 High-Yield MCQs

A 28-year-old man sustained a shoulder dislocation 2 years ago. It remained dislocated for 3 weeks and required an open reduction. He now reports constant pain and has only 60 degrees of forward elevation and 10 degrees of external rotation. He desires to return to some sporting activities. An AP radiograph and intraoperative photograph (a view of the humeral head through a deltopectoral approach) are shown in Figures 31a and 31b. What is the best treatment option to decrease pain and improve function?

A 28-year-old cowgirl was injured while herding cattle 1 week ago. A radiograph and CT scans are shown in Figures 13a through 13c. What is the most appropriate management for this injury?

A 13-year-old boy has a painless "knot" over his left hip. History reveals that he injured his left hip playing soccer 4 months ago. A radiograph and MRI scan obtained at the time of injury are shown in Figures 7a and 7b. He is very active and is currently asymptomatic. A current radiograph is shown in Figure 7c. What is the next most appropriate step in management?

A 10-year-old boy sustained an injury to the left knee. The radiographic findings shown in Figure 19 are most commonly associated with injury to which of the following structures?

Figures 27a and 27b show the radiographs of a 32-year-old woman who was involved in a high-speed motor vehicle accident. She is neurologically intact. After stabilization and assessment, treatment should consist of

A 52-year-old man has shoulder pain and stiffness after undergoing a "mini-lateral" rotator cuff repair 6 months ago. Examination reveals that he is afebrile with normal vital signs. There is slight erythema but no drainage from the incision. Range of motion is limited in all planes, and there is weakness with resisted external rotation and abduction. Radiographs show a well-positioned metal implant within the greater tuberosity. Laboratory studies reveal a WBC count of 8,400/mm3 (normal 3,500 to 10,500/mm3) and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 63 mm/h (normal up to 20 mm/h). What is the next most appropriate step in management?

A nonambulatory verbal 6-year-old child with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy has progressive bilateral hip subluxation of more than 50%. There is no pain with range of motion, but abduction is limited to 20 degrees maximum. An AP radiograph is seen in Figure 34. Management should consist of

Which of the following factors is a significant predictor of reoperation following open reduction and internal fixation of intertrochanteric fractures with a sliding-compression hip-screw device?

A cord-like middle glenohumeral ligament and absent anterosuperior labrum complex can be a normal anatomic capsulolabral variant. If this normal variation is repaired during arthroscopy, it will cause

Which of the following findings is an indication for adjunctive use of high-dose steroids?

A 25-year-old man reports wrist pain following a motorcycle accident. Examination reveals minimal swelling, slightly limited active range of motion, and point tenderness in the snuff box region. AP and oblique radiographs are shown in Figures 40a and 40b. Management should consist of

Following an episode of transient quadriplegia in contact sports, an athlete's return to play is absolutely contraindicated when

A 20-year-old-man sustained a scapular fracture after attempting to grab a beam as he fell through a ceiling at a job site 3 months ago. A clinical photograph is shown in Figure 36. He now reports pain in the anterior shoulder and difficulty with overhead activities. What nerve roots make up the involved peripheral nerve?

A 55-year-old man reports increasing weakness in his arms that has progressed to his lower limbs, resulting in frequent tripping and falling. Examination reveals weakness in shoulder abduction and external and internal rotation bilaterally. Fasciculation is noted. He also has weakness in elbow flexion and extension bilaterally, and his grip strength is diminished. An electromyogram and nerve conduction velocity studies show decreased amplitude of compound motor action potential, slightly slowed motor conduction velocity, and denervation signs with decreased recruitment in all extremities. The sensory study is normal. Based on these findings, what is the most likely diagnosis?

A favorable outcome following nonsurgical management of a partial tear of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is best associated with

A 21-year-old woman with Marfan syndrome is seeking evaluation of her scoliosis. She reports no back or leg pain, and the neurologic examination is normal. Lateral and bending radiographs are shown in Figures 7a through 7e. Management should consist of

What is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone in childhood?

A 12-year-old boy falls from a bicycle. A radiograph of his injured shoulder is shown in Figure 41. What is the optimal method of treatment?

A 6-year-old child has a fixed flexion deformity of the interphalangeal (IP) joint of the right thumb. The thumb is morphologically normal, with a nontender palpable nodule at the base of the metacarpophalangeal joint. Clinical photographs are shown in Figures 42a and 42b. Based on these findings, what is the treatment of choice?

An 11-year-old boy sustained an injury to his arm in gym class. He denies prior pain in the arm. Radiographs are shown in Figures 48a and 48b. What is the next most appropriate step in the management of this lesion?

A 10-year-old girl has been referred for evaluation of a prominence at the lower cervical spine. The patient is asymptomatic, and the examination reveals no evidence of neurologic abnormality. A radiograph and CT scans are shown in Figures 12a through 12c. What is the most likely diagnosis?

An 18-month-old infant with myelomeningocele and rigid clubfeet has grade 5 quadriceps and hamstring strength, but no muscles are functioning below the knee. What is the best treatment option for the rigid clubfeet?

The hallucal sesamoids are held together by which of the following structures?

Following ankle arthroscopy performed through a posterolateral portal, a patient notes numbness on the lateral half of the heel pad of the foot. What is the most likely injured structure?

With the arm abducted 90 degrees and fully externally rotated, which of the following glenohumeral ligaments resists anterior translation of the humerus?

Based on the MRI scan shown in Figure 6, the abnormal signal is seen in what carpal bone?

A patient has a displaced complex intra-articular distal humeral fracture. What factor is considered most important when deciding on what surgical approach to use?

A 10-year-old child reports acute leg pain after wrestling with his brother. AP and lateral radiographs are shown in Figures 21a and 21b. What is the best course of action?

What is the most frequent complication of percutaneous repair of an acute Achilles tendon rupture?

In the normal adult, the distance between the basion and the tip of the dens with the head in neutral position is how many millimeters?

Which of the following types of displaced posterior pelvic disruptions must undergo anatomic reduction and internal fixation to ensure the best clinical outcome?

An 8-year-old boy is diagnosed with acute onset cauda equina syndrome. A radiograph, MRI scans, and a biopsy specimen are shown in Figures 57a through 57d. What is the most appropriate treatment?

Which of the following are considered appropriate nonsurgical bracing/orthotic options for a supple adult-acquired flatfoot deformity with forefoot abduction, secondary to posterior tibial tendon insufficiency?

A 32-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with methotrexate and oral corticosteroids reports right groin pain with ambulation and night pain. Examination reveals pain with internal and external rotation and flexion that is limited to 105 degrees because of discomfort. Laboratory studies show a serum WBC of 9.0/mm3 and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 35 mm/h. Figures 5a and 5b show AP and lateral radiographs of the right hip. Further evaluation should include

Based on the MR arthrogram of the elbow shown in Figure 8, which of the following structures is torn?

The MRI findings shown in Figure 51 would most likely create which of the following signs and symptoms?

The thickest bone in the occiput is located

A 21-year-old professional ballet dancer reports a painful popping sensation over her right hip joint. Examination reveals that symptoms are reproduced with hip flexion and external rotation. Which of the following studies will best confirm the diagnosis?

What preoperative factor correlates best with the outcome of rotator cuff repair?

A 30-year-old patient has acetabular dysplasia and moderate secondary osteoarthrosis. Which of the following studies will best help predict the success of periacetabular osteotomy?

Figure 17 shows the clinical photograph of a 45-year-old female tennis player who has right arm pain and weakness with elevation after undergoing a cervical biopsy several months ago. The cause of her shoulder weakness is damage to the

A 47-year-old woman has a right bunion that has been symptomatic despite modifications in shoe wear. She requests surgical correction. An AP radiograph is shown in Figure 37. Treatment should consist of

Figure 10 shows the radiograph of a 9-year-old girl who injured her left lower leg after being thrown from a horse. Examination reveals no other injuries. Which of the following forms of management will provide the lowest rate of complications and the earliest return to function?

An axial T1-weighted MRI scan of the pelvis is shown in Figure 35. Which of the following structures is enclosed by the circle?

A 60-year-old patient had the procedure shown in Figure 7 performed 5 years ago. When converting this patient to a total knee arthroplasty (TKA), what patellar problem is commonly encountered intraoperatively?

On MRI, a nonsanguinous effusion has what appearance?

An active 49-year-old woman who sustained a diaphyseal fracture of the clavicle 8 months ago now reports persistent shoulder pain with daily activities. An AP radiograph is shown in Figure 8. Management should consist of

Figure 54 shows the preoperative radiograph of a 45-year-old woman who is considering total hip arthroplasty with her orthopaedic surgeon. What femoral characteristic is a typical concern in this patient?

Polyethylene wear of the bearing surface has been recognized as a mode of failure in total knee arthroplasty; therefore, many patients are offered polyethylene exchange. In terms of success rates, this surgical procedure has been reported to have a

A 17-year-old football player is injured during a play and reports abdominal pain that is soon followed by nausea and vomiting. What organ has most likely been injured?

An 18-year-old man underwent open reduction and internal fixation of a tibial spine avulsion and a posterolateral corner repair. Two years later, he underwent lateral collateral ligament (LCL) and posterolateral corner reconstruction because of instability. Examination reveals a pronounced lateral varus knee thrust when ambulating. Varus stress in 30 degrees of flexion produces a 10-mm opening that is eliminated in extension. The Lachman's test is 2 mm with a firm end point, and the posterior drawer test is negative. Standing radiographs show widening of the lateral joint space and a 5-degree mechanical varus alignment. What is the most effective course of treatment?

Where does the median nerve pass in the proximal forearm?

What percent of the adult human meniscus is vascularized?

A 40-year-old woman has a symptomatic mass on the anterior aspect of the ankle. She reports no constitutional symptoms. An MRI scan is shown in Figure 12. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Figure 2 shows the radiograph of a 72-year-old woman who reports pain after a fall. History includes several years of increasing thigh pain and limb shortening. Management consisting of an extensive work-up for infection reveals normal laboratory studies, a positive bone scan, and a negative hip aspiration. What is the most likely etiology of this complication?

What neurologic structure is most at risk when performing intramedullary screw fixation of a fifth metatarsal base fracture?

The mother of a 26-month-old boy reports that he has been unwilling to bear weight on his left lower extremity since he awoke this morning. She denies any history of trauma. He has a temperature of 99.4 degrees F (37.4 degrees C), and examination reveals that abduction of the left hip is limited to 30 degrees. Laboratory studies show a WBC of 11,000/mm3 and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 22 mm/h. A radiograph of the pelvis is shown in Figure 13. Management should consist of

A 40-year-old right hand-dominant construction worker has had a 6-month history of aching left shoulder pain that is worse after working a long day. Examination reveals limited range of motion and good strength when compared to his asymptomatic right arm. He has not had any orthopaedic intervention to date. Radiographs are shown in Figures 43a and 43b. What is the most appropriate treatment?

A 10-lb, 2-oz infant who was born via a difficult breech delivery 12 hours ago is now being evaluated for hip pain. Although the infant is resting comfortably, examination reveals that the patient is not moving the right lower extremity and manipulation of the right hip causes the infant to cry. The Galeazzi sign is positive. An AP radiograph of the pelvis shows proximal and superior migration of the right proximal femoral metaphysis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 13-year-old boy has a mild deformity of the left sternoclavicular joint after being involved in a rollover accident while riding an all-terrain vehicle. Examination in the emergency department reveals that he is hemodynamically stable, and his neurovascular examination is normal. The CT scan shown in Figure 22 was obtained because radiographs were inconclusive. Management should consist of

After making a tackle, a football player is found prone and unconscious without spontaneous respirations. Initial management should consist of

Within the menisci, the majority of the large collagen fiber bundles are oriented in what configuration?

Figure 11a shows the clinical photograph of a 46-year old woman who reports a 3-week history of pain and a "lump" at the base of her neck. She is otherwise in good health and denies any trauma. A 3-D reconstruction CT is shown in Figure 11b. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Examination of a 9-year-old girl who injured her left elbow in a fall reveals tenderness and swelling localized to the medial aspect of the elbow. Motor and sensory examinations of the hand are normal, and circulation is intact. A radiograph is seen in Figure 28. Management should consist of

A 16-year-old high school student undergoes a routine preparticipation physical examination at the beginning of the school year. Examination reveals marked laxity of both shoulders but only mild generalized laxity in other joints. The load and shift test allows for anterior humeral translation to the glenoid rim and posterior humeral translation beyond the glenoid rim. The sulcus sign is present. What is the next most appropriate step in management?

A 53-year-old woman has severe neck and left shoulder pain after a rollover motor vehicle accident. Radiographs and a CT scan of the cervical spine are shown in Figures 34a through 34c. Management should consist of

In children between the ages of 4 and 8 years, the major blood supply to the femoral head comes from the

What is the most common clinically significant preventable complication secondary to the treatment of a displaced talar neck fracture?

The stiffness of a 16-mm femoral stem is mostly influenced by the

In addition to pain, which of the following factors are considered most predictive of the risk of pathologic fracture?

Figure 17 shows the AP radiograph of a 75-year-old man with right hip pain. The femoral component is loose. The mechanism of loosening is most likely secondary to

Figure 25 shows an arthroscopic thermal capsular shrinkage device being used in the anterior inferior quadrant of a patient with a subluxating shoulder. Which of the following neurologic complications is most frequently reported with this technique?

A 65-year-old man with ankylosing spondylitis has neck pain after falling back over his lawnmower, striking his thoracic spine, and forcing his neck into extension. Examination reveals subtle weakness of the intrinsics and finger flexors at approximately 4+/5. Initial management consists of immobilization in a rigid collar, and placing his head in the anatomic position. Radiographs reveal a subtle extension fracture of the lower cervical spine. Approximately 6 hours after the injury, he reports increasing paresthesias in his upper and lower extremities, and examination now shows his intrinsics are 2/5, finger flexors are 3/5, and his triceps are now weak at 4/5 on manual motor testing. In addition, his lower extremities now show weakness in both dorsal and plantar flexion of the ankle in the range of 4/5. Repeat radiographs appear unchanged. An MRI scan is shown in Figure 2. Management should now consist of

In a patient who has undergone fusion with instrumentation from T4 to the sacrum for adult scoliosis, at which site is a pseudarthrosis most likely to be discovered?

A radiograph, MRI scans, and a biopsy specimen of a 9-year-old boy with thigh pain are shown in Figures 37a through 37d. Management should consist of

A 6-month-old child is seen in the emergency department with a spiral fracture of the tibia. The parents are vague about the etiology of the injury. There is no family history of a bone disease. In addition to casting of the fracture, initial management should include

Following its exit from the sciatic notch, the sciatic nerve passes between what two muscles?

The use of multiagent adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with a clear survival benefit in which of the following diseases?

A 35-year-old female runner reports progressive vague aching pain involving her midfoot. Her pain is most notable when running. She denies specific injury. Examination reveals minimal swelling and localized tenderness over the dorsal medial midfoot and navicular. Radiographs and an MRI scan are shown in Figures 37a through 37c. What is the most appropriate management?

When evaluating articular cartilage, what extracellular matrix component is most closely associated with the deep calcified cartilage zone?

A 72-year-old woman who is right hand-dominant has severe pain in the right shoulder that has failed to respond to nonsurgical management. She reports night pain and significant disability. Examination reveals 30 degrees of active forward elevation. An AP radiograph is shown in Figure 27. Which of the following treatment options will provide the best functional improvement?

Figures 29a and 29b show the radiograph and CT scan of a 48-year-old man who has diffuse spinal pain. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 16-year-old cheerleader reports an ache in the right shoulder and arm that is worse after activity. She denies any history of acute trauma. Examination reveals a positive sulcus sign and an AP glide test with a posterior and anterior apprehension sign. To confirm a diagnosis of multidirectional instability, which of the following imaging studies is most appropriate?

A 43-year-old soccer player who had knee pain following a twisting injury underwent an arthroscopic meniscectomy 6 months ago. He continues to report posterior knee pain. Examination reveals soft-tissue fullness and tenderness just above the popliteal fossa, trace knee effusion, full range of knee motion, no instability, and negative meniscal signs. Radiographs show some mild medial joint space narrowing but no other bony changes. What is the next most appropriate step in management?

When performing the exposure for an anterior approach to the cervical spine, the surgical dissection should not enter the plane between the trachea and the esophagus and excessive retraction should be avoided to prevent injury to the

A patient with myelopathy underwent a one-level corpectomy 1 day ago and is now home. In the middle of the night he calls to report markedly increased difficulty in swallowing, diaphoresis, a change in his voice, and difficulty lying flat. What is the best course of action?

A 2-year-old child has refused to bear weight on his leg for the past 2 days. His parents report that he will crawl, has no fever, and has painless full range of motion of his hip and knee. Examination reveals no deformity or bruising, but there is mild swelling and tenderness over the anterior tibia. C-reactive protein, WBC count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate studies are normal. Radiographs are negative. What is the best course of action?

Five weeks after undergoing a successful L4-L5 diskectomy, with complete relief of his preoperative sciatica, a 36-year-old man has severe, relentless back and buttock pain. Examination and laboratory studies are unremarkable with the exception of an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of 90 mm/h. What is the next most appropriate step in management?

What is the relative amount of type II collagen synthesis in disease-free adult articular cartilage compared to developing teenagers?

Following fixation of a displaced intra-articular fracture of the distal humerus through a posterior approach, what is the expected outcome?

A 25-year-old construction worker lands on his outstretched hand in a fall. The position of his wrist at the time of impact causes a force that leads to hyperextension, ulnar deviation, and intercarpal supination. Radiographs are shown in Figures 48a and 48b. What type of injury pattern is shown?

Figure 30 shows the MRI scan of a 68-year-old woman who has left hip pain. What is the most appropriate treatment?

What is the most common presentation of a benign bone tumor in childhood?

Which of the following muscles has dual innervation?

A 7-year-old girl reports foot pain and has difficulty ambulating. History reveals that she fell off a scooter 1 week ago, and there is possible exposure to a tick bite. A radiograph is shown in Figure 29. What is the best course of action?

The radiograph shown in Figure 27 shows measurement of what angle?

A patient with a previously pain-free knee replacement now reports a sudden inability to ambulate. Radiographs of the knee are shown in Figures 33a and 33b. Management should consist of

The preferred surgical approach to the elbow of a child with an irreducible type III supracondylar distal humerus fracture and pulseless extremity is through which of the following muscle intervals?

A 32-year-old powerlifter who was performing a dead lift 3 days ago noted a sharp pain in the front of his dominant right arm just after beginning to lower the weight. He now reports pain in the anterior aspect of the arm that worsens when he opens a door. Examination reveals moderate ecchymosis and swelling of the forearm and tenderness in the antecubital fossa. The MRI scans are shown in Figures 15a and 15b. If the injury is left unrepaired, the greatest functional deficit will most likely be the loss of

What nerve is most likely to be injured during the anterior exposure of C2-3?