Orthopedic Board Review: 100 High-Yield MCQs (Set 710) for ABOS & OITE

A 51-year-old man sustained an open fracture of his tibia in Korea 42 years ago. An infection developed and it was resolved with surgical treatment. For the past 6 months, an ulcer with mild drainage has developed over the medial tibia. The ulcer is small and there is minimal erythema at the ulcer site. A radiograph and MRI scan are shown in Figures 43a and Figure 43b. Initial cultures show Staphylococcus aureus susceptible to the most appropriate antibiotics. Laboratory studies show an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 70 mm/h. What is the most appropriate surgical treatment at this time?

Figures 5a and 5b show axial and coronal MRI images of the left ankle of a patient with lateral ankle pain. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 25-year-old man is brought to the emergency department following a motor vehicle accident. Extrication time was 2 hours, and in the field he had a systolic blood pressure by palpation of 90 mm Hg. Intravenous therapy was started, and on arrival in the emergency department he has a systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg with a pulse rate of 130. Examination reveals a flail chest and a femoral diaphyseal fracture. Ultrasound of the abdomen is positive. The trauma surgeons take him to the operating room for an exploratory laparotomy. At the conclusion of the procedure, he has a systolic pressure of 100 mm Hg with a pulse rate of 110. Oxygen saturation is 90% on 100% oxygen, and he has a temperature of 95.0 degrees F (35 degrees C). What is the recommended treatment of the femoral fracture at this time?

A 32-year-old man has posttraumatic arthritis after undergoing open reduction and internal fixation of a left acetabular fracture. A total hip arthroplasty is performed, and the radiograph is shown in Figure 18. What is the most common mode of failure leading to revision in this group of patients?

Examination of a carpenter who hit his thumb with a hammer reveals that the nail plate is broken but in place, and there is a 100% subungual hematoma that covers 100% of the area under the nail plate. Radiographs reveal a comminuted distal phalangeal tuft fracture. Management should consist of

A 62-year-old man with a long history of ankylosing spondylitis has neck pain after lightly bumping his head on the wall. Examination reveals neck pain with any attempted motion; the neurologic examination is normal. Plain radiographs show extensive ankylosis of the cervical spine and kyphosis but no fracture. What is the next most appropriate step in management?

A 23-year-old man has had heel pain and fullness for the past several months. He reports that initially the pain was present only with activity, but more recently the pain has become constant. Figures 53a through 53d show a radiograph, a bone scan, and T2-weighted and gadolinium MRI scans. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 27-year-old woman has a bilateral C5-C6 facet dislocation and quadriparesis after being involved in a motor vehicle accident. Initial management consisted of reduction with traction, but she remains a Frankel A quadriplegic. To facilitate rehabilitation, surgical stabilization and fusion is planned. From a biomechanical point of view, which of the following techniques is the LEAST stable method of fixation?

A 65-year-old woman landed on her nondominant left shoulder in a fall. An AP radiograph is shown in Figure 39. Management should consist of

What is the primary intracellular signaling mediator for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) activity?

A 29-year-old man reports severe knee instability and popliteal pain. History reveals that he had polio of the left lower extremity as a child and has been brace-free his entire life. Examination reveals that he walks with 40 degrees of knee hyperextension and has a fixed ankle equinus deformity of 30 degrees. He has no active motors about the knee or ankle. Which of the following methods will provide knee stability and pain relief?

The gluteus maximus is innervated by which of the following nerves?

Figures 20a and 20b show the radiographs of an obese 15-year-old boy who has severe left groin pain and is unable to bear weight following a minor injury. Treatment should consist of

What is the most common nonanesthetic-related reversible cause of changes in intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring data?

A 72-year-old woman who underwent right total hip arthroplasty 7 years ago now reports right hip pain and limb shortening. Studies for infection are negative. AP and lateral radiographs are shown in Figures 13a and 13b. What is the most appropriate management?

Figure 12 shows the lumbar CT scan of a 24-year-old man who was injured in a snowmobile accident. What is the mechanism of injury?

Which of the following best characterizes the antigenicity of allograft bone?

A 55-year-old woman fell and sustained an elbow dislocation with a coronoid fracture and a radial head fracture. The elbow is reduced and splinted. What is the most common early complication?

An 18-month-old boy with obstetric brachial plexus palsy is being evaluated for limited right shoulder motion. Physical therapy for the past 6 months has failed to result in improvement of the contracture. Which of the following studies is necessary prior to any shoulder reconstruction?

A 45-year-old woman awakens with the acute onset of burning left shoulder pain that radiates toward the axilla. She denies any history of trauma. On examination, she is unable to abduct her arm but has full passive shoulder motion. Her sensation is intact. Cervical spine examination reveals full range of motion and a negative Spurling's test. Radiographs and MRI studies are normal for the cervical spine and shoulder. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Wear particles of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene that are generated by total hip implants are predominantly of what diameter?

A 57-year-old man with type I diabetes mellitus has had a tender, erythematous right sternoclavicular joint for the past 2 weeks. Radiographs reveal mild osteolysis without arthritic changes, within normal limits. Management should consist of

What does Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) testing, as a technique, measure?

A 21-year-old college student reports hearing a pop and has acute pain laterally over the ankle after twisting it during a recreational basketball game. Examination 1 hour after the injury reveals minimal swelling and ecchymosis. The anterior drawer sign is positive. Radiographs reveal no evidence of a fracture. What is the best course of action?

A 2-year-old child has refused to bear weight on his leg for the past 2 days. His parents report that he will crawl, has no fever, and has painless full range of motion of his hip and knee. Examination reveals no deformity or bruising, but there is mild swelling and tenderness over the anterior tibia. C-reactive protein, WBC count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate studies are normal. Radiographs are negative. What is the best course of action?

A 52-year-old woman who underwent cheilectomy 1 year ago for hallux rigidus now reports continued pain in the first metatarsophalangeal joint. She did not have any incision healing problems, and has not had any fevers, erythema, or drainage. Which of the following procedures will provide the best combination of pain relief and function?

A 52-year-old man has had groin and deep buttock pain for the past 2 months. Examination reveals that hip range of motion is mildly restricted, and he has pain with both weight bearing and at rest. An MRI scan is shown in Figure 28. Management should consist of

A 61-year-old man has a symptomatic bunionette that is refractory to nonsurgical management. A radiograph is shown in Figure 6. What is the optimal surgical correction?

Figure 30 shows the radiograph of a 38-year-old man who reports persistent pain laterally and plantarly about the fifth metatarsal head. Examination reveals calluses dorsolaterally and plantarly about the fifth metatarsal head. Nonsurgical management has failed to provide relief. Surgical treatment should include

A 25-year-old man sustained the closed injury shown in Figures 22a and 22b. Examination reveals that this is an isolated injury, and he is hemodynamically stable. Treatment should consist of

A 24-year-old man sustained a grade IIIb open tibial fracture and an ipsilateral grade IIIa femoral fracture in a motorcycle accident. He is unresponsive, intubated, and has a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8. He is resuscitated and taken to the operating room for definitive orthopaedic care. Which of the following intraoperative problems will most likely adversely affect his long-term outcome?

A 40-year-old man has a palpable mass over the dorsum of the ankle. He reports no history of direct trauma but notes that he sustained a laceration to the middle of his leg 6 weeks ago. Examination reveals a 4-cm x 1-cm mass. T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans are shown in Figures 12a and 12b. An intraoperative photograph and biopsy specimen are shown in Figures 12c and 12d. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Figures 32a and 32b show the radiographs of a 13-year-old right hand-dominant boy who sustained a closed Salter-Harris type II fracture of the proximal humerus during a hockey game. The shoulder has significant swelling, but is neurovascularly intact. What treatment offers the best chance of reestablishing normal shoulder motion?

A healthy 70-year-old man has a swollen knee after undergoing a knee replacement 10 years ago. Aspiration of the knee reveals cloudy, viscous synovial fluid. Laboratory studies show an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 10 mm/h and a C-reactive protein level of less than 0.5. What is the most likely diagnosis?

When considering a flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer as part of the surgical treatment in patients with symptomatic flatfoot deformity caused by posterior tibial tendon insufficiency, which of the following patients is the most appropriate candidate?

A 29-year-old woman reports shoulder pain after sustaining a minor fall 6 weeks ago. She has a history of celiac sprue. Radiographs of the forearm and shoulder are shown in Figures 53a and 53b. Which of the following serum abnormalities would be expected?

Figures 20a through 20c show the radiographs of a 69-year-old woman who has severe pain in her dominant right arm after falling on the ice. History includes arthritis, hypertension, and heart disease. She is neurovascularly intact. Management should consist of

Spontaneous entrapment of the posterior interosseous nerve most commonly occurs in which of the following locations?

Compared to postoperative radiation therapy, preoperative radiation therapy has a higher rate of what complication?

A 23-year-old man reports pain on the superior aspect of his right shoulder with repetitive overhead activities and when lying on his right side. Figure 29 shows an axial MRI scan. What is the most likely diagnosis based on the MRI findings?

Figure 21 shows the radiograph of a 32-year-old patient with right hip pain that has failed to respond to nonsurgical management. What is the most appropriate surgical treatment at this time?

Figure 13 shows the MRI scan of a 29-year-old rock climber who reports increasing shoulder pain and weakness. Based on these findings, atrophy will most likely occur in which of the following muscles?

The brachialis muscle is innervated by what two nerves?

An 18-year-old high school football player sustains a thigh injury that results in the findings shown in Figure 1. Initial management should consist of

What mechanism contributes to strength gains during conditioning of the preadolescent athlete?

A 7-year-old boy sustained an acute puncture wound of the foot after stepping barefoot on a piece of glass 1 day ago. His mother states that she is not sure if she got the piece of glass out; however, she reports that his immunizations are up-to-date. Examination reveals that the wound is slightly erythematous, less than 1 mm in length on the heel, and is not currently draining. What is the next most appropriate step im management?

A 21-year-old patient has had pain and a marked decrease in active and passive shoulder motion after having had a seizure 2 months ago as the result of alcohol abuse. Current AP and axillary radiographs and a CT scan are shown in Figures 26a through 26c. Management should consist of

The parents of a 3-year-old girl who has had pain and swelling in the right ankle for the past 3 months now report that she has a limp and that the right knee and both ankles are painful and swollen. The limp and difficulty walking are most severe in the morning when the child first gets out of bed and are also more severe after extended walking. The parents deny fever, chills, weight loss, or night pain. Examination shows mild swelling and slightly restricted motion of the right knee and both ankles but is otherwise normal. In addition to initiation of treatment, the child should be referred to which of the following specialists?

Figures 32a and 32b show the radiographs of a 13-year-old boy who sustained a fracture while playing football 1 week ago. Management at the time of injury included application of a cast and the use of crutches. A follow-up office visit reveals a normal neurologic examination, and the patient reports no discomfort with the cast and crutches. Management should now include

When elevating the arm, the ratio of scapulothoracic to glenohumeral motion over the total range of motion is best described as

At the level of the midcalf, the plantaris tendon is found at which of the following locations?

Evaluation of the percent of necrosis in the resected specimen after preoperative chemotherapy is of prognostic value for what type of sarcoma?

What is the most common complaint in patients with a developmental radial head dislocation?

Which of the following design features of a femoral component used in a total knee arthroplasty best minimizes the patellar component contact stresses?

A 32-year-old woman has left second toe dactylitis (sausage toe). Radiographs show a "pencil in cup" distal interphalangeal joint deformity. Examination reveals that subtalar motion is markedly reduced. What is the most likely diagnosis?

The arrow in the axial T1-weighted MRI scan shown in Figure 18 is pointing to which of the following structures?

A 5-year-old boy has had pain in the right foot for the past month. Examination reveals tenderness and mild swelling in the region of the tarsal navicular. Radiographs are shown in Figure 30. Management should consist of

Figure 3 shows the AP radiograph of a patient with diabetes mellitus who has knee pain. A semiconstrained knee prosthesis was used in this patient to prevent which of the following complications?

Which of the following definitions best describes Batson's vertebral vein system?

Figures 3a and 3b show the current radiographs of a 59-year-old woman who has pain and deformity after undergoing bunion surgery 1 year ago. Nonsurgical management has failed to provide relief. Treatment should now consist of

A 7-year-old girl has pain and swelling of the right elbow after falling off her bicycle. Radiographs are shown in Figure 31. What is the most appropriate initial step in management?

A 17-year-old man sustained a 5-mm laceration on the lateral aspect of the hindfoot while working on a farm. Examination in the emergency department revealed no fractures. Twenty-four hours later, he returns to the emergency department with increasing foot pain. Thin brown drainage is seen emanating from the wound. He has a temperature of 102.0 degrees F (38.9 degrees C), a pulse rate of 120, and a blood pressure of 80/40 mm Hg. Examination of the foot reveals diffuse swelling, ecchymosis, tenderness, and crepitus with palpation. Current radiographs are shown in Figures 40a and 40b. Management should now consist of

A 12-year-old child with spina bifida paraplegia requires brace management for ankle stability. Which of the following principles applies to brace management in this individual?

Which of the following statements best describes the anatomic considerations of the popliteal artery posterior to the knee joint?

What is the function of the rotator cuff during throwing?

A 12-year-old girl has had increasing left knee pain for the past 3 months. A radiograph is shown in Figure 75a, and low- and high-power photomicrographs are shown in Figures 75b and 75c. What is the most appropriate treatment?

What is the most common benign bone tumor in childhood?

Figure 16 shows the clinical photograph of a 3-month-old infant with a foot deformity that has been nonprogressive since birth. Examination reveals that the deformity corrects actively and with passive manipulation. There is no associated equinus. Management should consist of

Figure 23 shows the postoperative radiograph of a patient who underwent an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (with bone-patella tendon-bone autograft) that failed. He initially had loss of flexion postoperatively. What is the most likely cause of this failure?

In addition to the radiographic features seen in Figures 49a and 49b, this patient will most likely have which of the following findings?

A 30-year-old elite marathon runner reports chronic pain over the lateral aspect of the distal right leg and dysesthesia over the dorsum of the foot with active plantar flexion and inversion of the foot. Examination reveals a tender soft-tissue fullness approximately 10 cm proximal to the lateral malleolus. The pain is exacerbated by passive plantar flexion and inversion of the ankle. There is also a positive Tinel's sign over the site of maximal tenderness. There is no motor weakness, and deep tendon reflexes are normal. Radiographs and MRI of the leg are normal. What is the next most appropriate step in management?

Figure 39 shows the AP radiograph of a 62-year-old man with degenerative osteoarthritis secondary to trauma. History reveals that he underwent total elbow arthroplasty 3 years ago. He continues to report instability and constant pain. A complete work-up, including aspiration and cultures, is negative. Treatment should consist of removal of the components and

Which of the following is considered the treatment of choice for a 3-cm chondroblastoma of the distal femoral epiphysis with no intra-articular extension?

Which of the following substances makes up the majority by weight of the extracellular matrix for articular cartilage?

What is the most likely consequence of a vertebral compression fracture associated with osteoporosis?

A 42-year-old patient has had a fever and low back pain for several days. Laboratory studies show an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and a WBC count of 9,500 mm3 with 75% neutrophils. A CT scan is shown in Figure 15. Examination will most likely reveal what other findings?

What radiographic measurement is best used to assess the adequacy of deformity correction for the patient shown in Figure 22?

When harvesting iliac crest bone graft during a posterior spinal decompression and fusion, injury to which of the following nerves may result in painful neuromas or numbness over the skin of the buttocks?

What is the most common mechanism of injury that produces turf toe?

Which of the following bearing surface combinations has shown the lowest in vivo wear rates in total hip arthroplasty?

What is the known manner in which the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-I (GH-IGF-I) system functions to stimulate bone growth?

Figure 20 shows the radiograph of a 21-year-old college basketball player who jammed his left index finger on the rim. He reports pain and tenderness over the dorsum of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint. Examination reveals that he is unable to actively extend the DIP joint; however, the skin is intact. Management should consist of

A 65-year-old man has a painful mass of the middle finger. A clinical photograph, lateral radiograph, coronal MRI scan, and biopsy specimen are seen in Figures 20a through 20d. What is the most likely diagnosis?

An active 55-year-old man who felt a sudden pop in the left heel while playing tennis 6 months ago was diagnosed with an ankle sprain around the time of injury. He now reports calf atrophy and severe weakness with running. Examination reveals a palpable defect in the Achilles tendon and only trace passive ankle flexion when the calf is squeezed. At the time of surgery, an Achilles tendon defect of 6 cm cannot be approximated. Surgical management of the Achilles tendon should include

Which of the following structures is the most important restraint to posterior subluxation of the glenohumeral joint when positioned in 90 degrees of flexion and internal rotation?

What percent of patients initially diagnosed with classic, high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremity have visible evidence of pulmonary metastasis on CT of the chest?

A 5-year-old boy has had right hip pain and a limp for the past 3 months. Examination of the right hip reveals irritability and restricted abduction and internal rotation. AP and lateral radiographs of the hips are shown in Figures 31a and 31b. Initial management should consist of

A 24-year-old man who was involved in a high speed motor vehicle accident is transferred for definitive care after having been diagnosed with an acute spinal cord injury from a fracture-dislocation at C6-7. He has a complete C6 neurologic level and it is now approximately 10 hours from his injury. What is the most appropriate pharmacologic treatment at this time?

In the management of an open tibia fracture, what factor is considered most important in preventing deep infection?

A 62-year-old man with a long history of right shoulder pain and weakness is scheduled to undergo hemiarthroplasty. Based on the radiographs shown in Figures 6a through 6c, what preoperative factor will most affect postoperative functional outcome?

The vascularity of the digital flexor tendons is significantly richer in what cross-sectional region?

Injury to which of the following structures has been reported following iliac crest bone graft harvest?

Collagen orientation is parallel to the joint surface in what articular cartilage zone?

Which of the following tumors have characteristic chromosomal translocations?

An 18-year-old football player sustains a contact injury to his right lower leg, and radiographs show a closed transverse fracture of the middle third of the tibia. Based on the clinical examination, a compartment syndrome is suspected. When measuring compartment pressures, the highest tissue pressure is recorded how many centimeters proximal or distal to the fracture site?

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis has a rupture of the extensor digitorum communis to 4 and 5. You are planning to perform an extensor indicis proprius (EIP) tendon transfer. What effect will this have on index finger extension?

A 19-year-old man was struck by a car and is seen in the emergency department with a grade IIIC open distal tibia and fibula fracture. Examination reveals that the toes are cool and dusky with a sluggish capillary refill. Angiography reveals a lesion in the posterior tibial artery amenable to repair. There is no sensation on the plantar aspect of the foot, and he is unable to flex his toes. A clinical photograph and radiograph are shown in Figures 2a and 2b. What is the next most appropriate step in management?

What is the most common malignant tumor of the foot?

A 16-year-old girl has had painless swelling in her posterior left arm for the past 4 months. A radiograph, MRI scans, and an incisional biopsy specimen are shown in Figures 43a through 43d. What is the cytogenetic translocation most commonly associated with this tumor?

A 6-year-old boy has leg pain. A radiograph, MRI, CT, and bone scans, and a biopsy specimen are shown in Figures 14a through 14e. What is the most likely diagnosis?