Orthopedic Board Review Mock Exam Set 541: 100 High-Yield MCQs for ABOS & OITE

In the anterior forearm approach to the distal radius (Henry approach), the radial artery is located between what two structures?

Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder that is transmitted by which of the following modes of inheritance?

A 19-year-old man has had back pain with activity, especially running in soccer and baseball, for the past 4 months. He denies any history of trauma. Examination reveals no motor weakness or sensory changes in the lower extremities. Range of motion shows increased pain with extension and mild limitation with flexion. A sitting straight leg raising test is limited at approximately 60 degrees bilaterally by back and buttocks pain. Plain radiographs are normal. MRI scans are shown in Figures 13a through 13e. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Figure 1 shows the radiograph of an 18-year-old patient who has severe knee pain. Treatment consisting of osteotomy should be perfomed

Figure 22 shows the radiograph of a 7-year-old boy who underwent retrograde elastic nailing of a femoral shaft fracture. What is the most common problem following this procedure?

A 15-year-old boy has hindfoot pain and very limited subtalar motion. A CT scan reveals a talocalcaneal coalition involving 40% of the middle facet. He has no degeneration of the posterior subtalar facet. Following failure of nonsurgical management, treatment should consist of

A 52-year-old man has pain in the sternal area after landing on his right shoulder in a fall from his bicycle. In addition, he reports that he had difficulty swallowing and breathing immediately after the fall, but the symptoms resolved. A CT scan reveals a posterior sternoclavicular dislocation. Initial management should include

A 20-year-old man involved in a motor vehicle accident is brought to the emergency department with a C6-7 unilateral facet dislocation. His neurologic examination reveals a focal left-sided C7 nerve root palsy. He is awake and cooperative with questioning and has no other obvious traumatic injuries. What is the most appropriate treatment at this time?

An AP radiograph of the pelvis is shown in Figure 4. What muscle attaches to the avulsed fragment of bone identified by the arrow?

A 19-year-old soccer player feels a pop in his knee while making a cut and notes the development of an effusion over several hours. Examination reveals medial joint line tenderness, but the knee is stable to manual stress testing of all ligaments. Examination under anesthesia confirms a stable knee. What is the most critical factor in determining healing after repair of the lesion shown in Figure 14?

A 21-year-old collegiate female cross-country athlete reports right hip pain that begins about 12 miles into a run, followed by pain resolution when she discontinues running. However, each time she tries to resume a running program, she experiences recurrence of pain deep in the anterior groin. A plain radiograph and MRI scan are shown in Figures 8a and 8b. Management should consist of

A 50-year-old patient who plays tennis sustained the deformity shown in Figure 27 following a high volley. Further diagnostic work-up should include

Bioabsorbable polymers are used in a wide range of orthopaedic devices, including anchors, staples, pins, plates, and screws. What is the primary drawback for bioabsorbable implants?

During the implantation of a cementless acetabular component in total hip arthroplasty, placement of a screw in the anterior superior quadrant puts which of the following structures at risk for damage?

A 46-year-old woman reports pain and a shortened appearance of her toe after undergoing a Keller resection arthroplasty 2 years ago for hallux rigidus. Examination reveals mild swelling and motion limited to 25 degrees at the metatarsophalangeal joint. Radiographs show large dorsal osteophytes on the first metatarsal head, 50% resection of the proximal phalanx, and complete loss of the metatarsophalangeal joint space. Which of the following is considered the most reliable procedure to improve her pain and the appearance of her toe?

In the nonsurgical management of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction with flexible deformity, a common strategy is to prescribe an ankle-foot orthosis or a University of California Biomechanics Laboratory (UCBL) orthosis with medial posting. A high patient satisfaction rating and favorable outcome with this nonsurgical management is most likely in which of the following situations?

A 6-year-old African-American boy with sickle cell disease has had pain and limited use of his right arm for the past 3 days. History reveals that he sustained a humeral fracture approximately 3 years ago. A lateral radiograph is shown in Figure 25. Based on these findings, a presumptive diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis is made. What are the two most likely organisms?

A 72-year-old woman who was doing well after undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty for arthritis 4 months ago is suddenly unable to elevate her arm. Examination reveals 70 degrees of external rotation compared with 45 degrees on the uninvolved side, and she is unable to lift her hand off her lower back. Radiographs are shown in Figures 43a through 43c. Treatment should consist of

Increasing articular conformity of the tibial polyethylene insert of a fixed-bearing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) prosthesis will have which of the following biomechanical effects?

Which of the following tissues has the highest maximum load to failure?

A 16-year-old ice hockey player is struck on the chest by the puck. He skates a few strides and then collapses. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 15-year-old boy who participates in track reports acute pain along the left iliac crest during a sprint. Examination reveals that the anterior superior iliac spine is nontender. The most likely diagnosis is an injury to the

An otherwise healthy 70-year-old man has back and bilateral leg pain in an L5 distribution that is aggravated by standing more than 10 minutes or walking more than 100 feet. He has to sit to get relief. Neurologic and pulse examinations are normal. A radiograph and MRI scan are shown in Figures 4a and 4b. Treatment should consist of

Based on the findings seen in the posteroanterior radiograph of the wrist shown in Figure 17, which of the following structures is torn?

In children with isolated zone II lacerations of the flexor tendon, poor digital motion is best correlated with

Figure 13 shows the clinical photograph of a 66-year-old man who has had an increasingly painful right foot deformity for the past 3 years. Examination reveals that the subtalar joint is fixed in 15 degrees of valgus, and forefoot supination can be corrected to 10 degrees from neutral. Nonsurgical management has failed to provide relief. Treatment should now consist of

A 68-year-old woman underwent a successful total right hip arthroplasty with a metal-on-metal articulation and cementless porous-coated components. Three months later, she underwent identical surgery on the left hip. Three months after surgery on the left hip, she reports groin pain on ambulation. Examination reveals significant groin discomfort with passive hip motion, particularly at the extremes of motion. Radiographs are shown in Figures 21a and 21b. Laboratory studies show an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 35 mm/h and a C-reactive protein of 0.9. Aspiration yields scant growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the broth only, with no evidence of loosening on arthrography. A second aspiration yields scant growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the broth only. What is the most likely cause of the patient's pain?

When performing a Weil osteotomy of a lesser metatarsal, the desired angle of the saw cut should be approximately

A 68-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis has had neck pain and weakness in all four extremities that has become worse in the past 6 months. She has gone from a community to a household ambulator and uses a wheelchair outside of the home. Examination of the extremities reveals poor coordination, diffuse weakness, hyperactive reflexes, and bilateral sustained clonus. She has a broad-based and unsteady gait. The posterior atlanto-dens interval is 12 mm. Based on these findings and the radiograph and MRI scan shown in Figures 13a and 13b, the treatment of choice is surgical decompression and stabilization. However, the patient inquires about the prognosis with surgery compared to nonsurgical management. Assuming there are no complications from surgery, the patient should be informed that, with surgery, she will most likely

Figures 43a and 43b show the clinical photographs of a 4-month-old child with bilateral popliteal pterygium. The fixed knee contractures measure 100 degrees bilaterally. What future treatment is most likely to successfully correct this deformity?

A relative contraindication for anteromedial tibial tubercle transfer for patellar instability is arthrosis in what portion of the patella?

A 25-year-old laborer sustains a transverse fracture of the proximal 25% of the scaphoid. CT reconstructions reveal a 1-mm fracture gap. What is the most appropriate treatment?

A 28-year-old woman has left shoulder pain and a tender soft-tissue mass. Based on the MRI scan and biopsy specimens shown in Figures 74a through 74c, what is the most likely diagnosis?

On MRI, a nonsanguinous effusion has what appearance?

A 53-year-old man has a 4- x 5-cm high-grade soft-tissue sarcoma in the midthigh. As part of the staging evaluation, regional nodes should be assessed by

An 83-year-old woman reports pain in her left middle finger after a minor injury. Laboratory studies show a WBC count of 7,000/mm3, an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 3 mm/h, a uric acid of 10.4 mg/dL, and a normal serum protein electrophoresis. Radiographs are shown in Figures 49a and 49b. A core biopsy specimen is shown is Figure 49c. In addition to treatment of the finger fracture, treatment should include

A 25-year-old semiprofessional football player sustains a hyperextension injury to the left foot. He is unable to bear weight. Examination reveals tenderness along the midfoot with swelling and plantar ecchymosis. Radiographs are negative. What is the next step in evaluation of this patient?

What is the most likely cause of recurrent symptoms following excision of a third web space neuroma?

In children between the ages of 4 and 8 years, the major blood supply to the femoral head comes from the

A 10-year-old boy has had wrist pain for the past 3 months. He denies any history of trauma. He reports mild tenderness associated with a palpable mass. A radiograph and biopsy specimens are shown in Figures 52a through 52c. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 21-year-old college defensive lineman sustains a minimally displaced (less than 1 mm) midthird scaphoid fracture during the first game of the season. Management should consist of

Figure 24 shows the radiograph of a 36-year-old volleyball player with right hip pain. What is the cause of the pain?

A 46-year-old patient with cervical myelopathy undergoes a multilevel posterior cervical laminectomy from C3 to C7. The risk of postlaminectomy kyphosis is greatest with removal of which of the following structures?

A 22-year-old female collegiate javelin thrower has shoulder pain. She notes that her pain is primarily located in the posterior aspect of her shoulder, is exacerbated with throwing, and she experiences maximal tenderness in the extreme cocking phase of the throwing cycle. On examination, she reports deep posterior shoulder pain when the arm is abducted 90 degrees and maximally externally rotated to 110 degrees. This reproduces her symptoms precisely. Shoulder radiographs are normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Examination of a 28-year-old woman reveals a moderate hallux valgus deformity and a prominence of the medial eminence. She reports that she can participate in all activities, wear 3-inch heels with minimal discomfort, and walk in a 1-inch heel with no pain. However, she is concerned that the deformity will get worse and requests recommendations regarding surgical correction. What is the best course of action?

What clinical finding is associated with the least favorable prognosis in an adolescent patient who has been diagnosed with a high-grade osteosarcoma of the distal femur?

Compared to postoperative radiation therapy, preoperative radiation therapy has a higher rate of what complication?

Which of the following findings is considered a contraindication for posterior decompression (with or without fusion) for myelopathy?

A 28-year-old hockey player has a shoulder deformity after being checked into the boards. Examination reveals that swelling has improved, but there is tenderness along the distal clavicle. Radiographs reveal a grade II acromioclavicular joint separation. Initial management should consist of

A 51-year-old woman is seen for evaluation of chronic supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon tears. Three years ago, in an attempted repair the surgeon was unable to repair the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon tears. Currently she has a marked amount of pain, reduced range of motion, and weakness. Examination reveals anterosuperior escape. Radiographs show no signs of arthritic changes. You are considering a latissimus dorsi tendon transfer. During the discussion, you mention that

A 4-year-old boy with arthrogryposis has little active motion of his knees or elbows. Both elbows are in full extension with good triceps strength, but he is unable to bring his hand to his face or feed himself. Management should consist of

Figure 20 shows the MRI scan of a 20-year-old athlete who has a painful shoulder. This pathology is most commonly seen in

Which of the following conditions is not associated with an increased risk of developing Achilles tendinopathy?

An active 72-year-old woman sustained a mid-diaphyseal right humerus fracture 16 months ago. History reveals that she was first treated with a brace for 7 months. Additional treatment consisted of intramedullary nailing 9 months ago. Recently the rod was removed, and the patient now reports pain and gross motion at the fracture site. Current radiographs are shown in Figures 37a and 37b. What is the next most appropriate step in management?

Radiographs of a 12-year-old boy who has knee pain show a 2-cm osteochondral lesion of the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle. The fragments are not detached from the femur. Initial management should consist of

Figures 27a and 27b show the radiographs of a 32-year-old woman who was involved in a high-speed motor vehicle accident. She is neurologically intact. After stabilization and assessment, treatment should consist of

A 3-year-old boy with severe cerebral palsy is unable to sit independently and does not crawl. Examination reveals a 40-degree hip flexion contracture by the Thomas test and 25 degrees of passive abduction. A radiograph of the pelvis shows subluxation of both hips, with a migration index of 30%. Management should consist of

Of the following factors, which is considered the most important prognostic indicator in soft-tissue sarcomas?

Figure 20 shows the clinical photograph of a man who has had diabetes mellitus controlled with oral medication for the past 10 years. He wears soft-soled shoes and only uses leather-soled shoes for important business meetings. Examination reveals palpable dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses, although they are somewhat diminished. He is insensate to pressure with the Semmes-Weinstein 5.07 monofilament. The ulcer heals after treatment with a full contact cast. What is the best course of action at this time?

A 16-year-old girl was involved in a motorcycle accident that resulted in a significant right tibial fracture with soft-tissue loss over the distal 4 cm of the anterior medial tibia. The patient has had two irrigations and debridements and recently had an intramedullary nail placed for the skeletal injury. Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) has been used to cover the defect since the injury. The risk of infection developing in the tibia is

A study is conducted to measure the difference in bone mineral density between postmenopausal women taking a drug treatment versus those taking a placebo. What is the most important result to be reported from this study?

Initial repair of the large U-shaped rotator cuff tear shown in Figure 12 consists of closing the tear side-to-side to take advantage of margin convergence. The most significant biomechanical consequence of this repair step results in

A 45-year-old man has had left thigh pain for the past 4 months. An AP radiograph, bone scan, MRI scans, and biopsy specimens are shown in Figures 6a through 6f. What is the most appropriate treatment?

A 14-year-old football player has had right knee pain for the past 2 months; however, he denies any history of trauma. Examination shows an abductor lurch and increased external rotation of the right lower extremity. The best course of action should be to

A 57-year-old man has had right ankle pain for the past 10 months following an injury that went untreated. Radiographs are shown in Figures 30a through 30c. Management should consist of

The parents of a 13-year-old boy with Down syndrome report that he has an increasing limp and decreased endurance with activities. Lateral flexion-extension radiographs of the cervical spine show no evidence of instability. Examination reveals a right Trendelenburg limp and an obvious limb-length discrepancy. Hip motion is symmetric except for some decreased abduction on the right side. A standing AP radiograph is shown in Figure 20. Management should consist of

A 75-year-old patient returns for follow-up after undergoing bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA). The right hip is a hybrid THA performed 12 years ago, whereas the left hip is a cementless THA performed 10 years ago. Both acetabular components are the same type, same size, and from the same manufacturer. Both femoral heads are 28-mm cobalt-chromium components. What is the most likely explanation for the advanced polyethylene wear in one hip?

A patient underwent an anterior cervical diskectomy and interbody fusion for a C5-6 herniated nucleus pulposus and left C6 radiculopathy 8 months ago. He now reports new onset of severe neck pain and left C6 radicular pain, with wrist extension weakness. The radiograph and CT scan shown in Figures 26a and 26b reveal pseudarthrosis at C5-6. The next step in management should consist of

A patient with a cobalt-chromium alloy (Co-Cr) femoral stem has a periprosthetic fracture that is to be fixed with a cable-plate device. The surgeon should make sure that the plate, screws, and cable, respectively, are made of

The additional risk of complications in organ transplant patients receiving a total joint arthroplasty is attributed to

During an anterior retroperitoneal approach to the low lumbar spine, the iliac vessels are mobilized along the lateral side, allowing them to be retracted toward the midline. To gain adequate mobility of the common iliac vein for exposure of L5, it is important to identify which of the following structures?

The vascular supply to the medial meniscus comes primarily from what artery?

A football player sustains a traumatic anterior inferior dislocation of the shoulder in the last game of the season. It is reduced 20 minutes later in the locker room. The patient is neurologically intact and has regained motion. If the patient undergoes arthroscopic evaluation, what finding is seen most consistently?

What is the heaviest weight that can be safely applied to the adult cervical spine via Gardner-Wells tong traction?

Figures 10a through 10c show the plain radiograph and MRI scans of a 41-year-old man who has right hip pain. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Flexion-distraction injuries of the thoracolumbar spine are most frequently associated with injury to what organ system?

The natural history of cervical spondylolytic myelopathy is best described as

A patient who underwent closed reduction of the hips as an infant now reports pain. An abduction internal rotation view shows an incongruous joint. Based on the findings shown in Figure 3, what is the most appropriate type of pelvic osteotomy for the right hip?

Figure 20 shows the radiograph of a 21-year-old college basketball player who jammed his left index finger on the rim. He reports pain and tenderness over the dorsum of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint. Examination reveals that he is unable to actively extend the DIP joint; however, the skin is intact. Management should consist of

Which of the following is considered the most common complication of the impaction grafting technique for femoral revision surgery?

Figures 28a and 28b show the sagittal and axial lumbar MRI scans of a 72-year-old man who reports dull aching back pain that spreads to his legs, calves, and buttocks. He has had the pain for several years and it is precipitated by standing and walking and relieved by sitting. His symptoms have been worsening over the past year and he notes that he is leaning forward while walking to help relieve his symptoms. He has had no treatment to date. What is his prognosis if he chooses to pursue nonsurgical management for this condition?

A 17-year-old high school long distance runner is seeking advice before running a marathon for the first time. What advice should be given regarding his fluid, carbohydrate, and electrolyte intake around the time of the race?

A 45-year-old man is seeking evaluation of an injury sustained in a motor vehicle accident 10 weeks ago. Current radiographs are shown in Figures 2a and 2b. Based on the radiographic findings, what is the most likely diagnosis?

An infant is born with a mass that involves both the volar and dorsal compartments of the left arm. A clinical photograph and biopsy specimen are shown in Figures 41a and 41b. What is the best initial course of action?

A 24-year-old man has had pain in the left knee for the past several months. He reports that initially the pain was associated with weight-bearing activities, but it has now become more constant. He denies any swelling but reports a lateral fullness at the tibial plateau. Figures 23a through 23e show radiographs, a bone scan, and T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans. What is the most likely diagnosis?

What normal tissue has a low signal intensity (appears black) on both T1- and T2-weighted images?

When using the direct lateral (or Hardinge) approach for hip arthroplasty, three muscles are detached from the femur. In addition to the vastus lateralis, they include the

A 23-year-old man is involved in a motor vehicle accident. An AP radiograph is shown in Figure 29a, and axial and sagittal CT scans are shown in Figures 29b and 29c. Neurologic examination shows 1/5 strength of his quadriceps and iliopsoas on the right, with 1/5 quadriceps function on the left. Definitive treatment of his injury should consist of

Figures 39a and 39b show the current radiographs of an 8-year-old girl who has had pain in the left thigh for the past 3 months. She was recently diagnosed with hypothyroidism and started treatment 1 week ago. Examination reveals a mild abductor deficiency limp on the left side. She lacks 30 degrees internal rotation on the left hip compared with the right hip. Management should consist of

A 52-year-old woman reports nagging shoulder pain that has been present for months and is slowly progressive in nature. The patient also reports nocturnal pain and notes that the pain is not activity related. Figures 27a and 27b show the radiograph and bone scan, and Figures 27c through 27e show T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and gadolinium MRI scans, respectively. Based on these findings, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Figure 42 shows the sagittal T2-weighted MRI scan of a patient's right knee. These findings are most commonly seen with a complete tear of the

It is important to avoid which of the following exercises in the immediate postoperative period after humeral head replacement for an acute four-part fracture?

Figure 6 shows the clinical photographs of a newborn who underwent a colostomy for an imperforate anus. Examination shows extended knees, flexed hips, and equinovarus feet. Dimpling is noted over the buttocks. Patients with these findings differ from patients with myelodysplasia in that they

A 45-year-old woman who recently underwent biopsy of a lymph node in the right posterior cervical triangle now finds it difficult to hold objects overhead and has diffuse aching in the right shoulder region. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Figure 7 shows a sagittal T1-weighted MRI scan. What muscle/tendon is identified by the arrow?

A 3-year-old child has refused to walk for the past 2 days. Examination in the emergency department reveals a temperature of 102.2 degrees F (39 degrees C) and limited range of motion of the left hip. An AP pelvic radiograph is normal. Laboratory studies show a WBC count of 9,000/mm3, an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of 65 mm/h, and a C-reactive protein level of 10.5 mg/L (normal < 0.4). What is the next most appropriate step in management?

A 55-year-old woman with a long history of low back and left lower extremity pain has failed to respond to exhaustive nonsurgical management. MRI scans show bulging and degeneration at L3-4 and L4-5 as well as a normal disk at L2-3 and L5-S1. She undergoes provocative lumbar diskography at L3-4, L4-5, and L5-S1. Post-diskography axial CT images of L3-4 and L4-5 are shown in Figures 6a and 6b, respectively. The injections at L3-4 and L4-5 produce no pain. The injection at L5-S1 produces 10/10 concordant back pain with radiation to the lower extremity. What is the most appropriate recommendation at this time?

Which of the following procedures is considered most appropriate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

A 27-year-old woman reports the acute atraumatic onset of burning pain in her right shoulder followed a week later by significant weakness and the inability to abduct her shoulder. One week prior to this incident she had recovered from a flu-like syndrome. Examination reveals full passive motion of the shoulder and the inability to actively raise the arm. Sensation in the right upper extremity is normal. Cervical spine examination is normal. Radiographs of the shoulder and cervical spine are normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Iliosacral screws placed for stabilization of posterior pelvic ring injuries (eg, sacroiliac dislocation) that exit the sacrum anteriorly are most likely to injure which of the following structures?