Spine
Radiculopathy is a condition that affects the nerves in the spine, causing pain, numbness, tingling, or weakn…
Discover the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for radiculopathy, a condition characterized …
Interactive MCQs MCQs on Lumbar Disc Herniations What is the preferred imaging study for diagnosing and class…
Back pain is a common problem that affects millions of people worldwide. It can be caused by various factors,…
EPIDEMIOLOGY There are approximately 12,000 new spinal cord injuries requiring treatment each year. Injury to…
DEFINITION Cervical radiculopathy is a neurologic condition characterized by dysfunction of a cervical spinal…
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Anterior Approach (Smith-Robinson) The approach chosen depends on a number of factors,…
DEFINITION Smith-Petersen osteotomy (SPO) is a chevron resection of the posterior elements that shorten the p…
ANATOMY Sreeharsha V. Nandyala Alejandro Marquez-Lara Junyoung Ahn Kern Singh Superficial landmarks enable gr…
DEFINITION The anterior approach can be used to access the thoracic spine for decompression, deformity correc…
ANATOMY Familiarity with the anterior cervical anatomy is a necessity, particularly in regard to muscular, fa…
DEFINITION The term occipitocervical and atlantoaxial instability encompasses a number of varied conditions t…
Scientific reviews prepared according to the latest international orthopedic protocols.
Consult Specialist
