5. Sports Medicine MCQs

A 19-year-old female gymnast complains of bilateral shoulder pain and a feeling of looseness. Examination reveals a positive sulcus sign that does not reduce with external rotation. What is the most appropriate initial management?

A 38-year-old elite volleyball player has isolated atrophy of the infraspinatus muscle and weakness in external rotation. An MRI reveals a paralabral cyst. At which anatomic location is the nerve most likely compressed?

Which of the following represents the primary biomechanical goal of a Superior Capsular Reconstruction (SCR) using a dermal allograft for a massive, irreparable rotator cuff tear?

A 22-year-old rugby player presents with recurrent anterior shoulder instability. A 3D CT scan of the shoulder reveals 28% bone loss of the anterior-inferior glenoid width. Which of the following is the most appropriate surgical management?

A 35-year-old male presents to the emergency department after a witnessed generalized tonic-clonic seizure. His shoulder is locked in internal rotation, and he has severe pain with attempted external rotation. Standard AP radiographs appear surprisingly normal. Which of the following represents the most likely pathognomonic lesion on advanced imaging or axillary radiograph?

A 26-year-old elite volleyball attacker presents with vague posterior shoulder pain and isolated weakness in external rotation. Active forward flexion and abduction are symmetric to the contralateral side. MRI demonstrates a paralabral cyst. At which of the following anatomic locations is the nerve compression most likely occurring?

Which of the following muscle pairings constitutes the primary transverse plane force couple responsible for maintaining the humeral head centered on the glenoid during active shoulder motion?

An 18-year-old male pitcher complains of right shoulder pain during the late cocking and early acceleration phases of throwing. Examination shows a positive O'Brien's test. Nonoperative management has failed. MRI reveals a detachment of the superior labrum and biceps anchor from the glenoid. Which of the following is the most appropriate surgical treatment?

A 25-year-old male with recurrent anterior shoulder instability undergoes an MR arthrogram. The imaging shows extravasation of contrast inferiorly and a characteristic 'J-sign' of the axillary pouch, without a definitive Bankart lesion. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 52-year-old male trips and falls on an outstretched hand. He now presents with right shoulder pain and weakness. On examination, he has 20 degrees of increased passive external rotation compared to the left shoulder and a positive 'lift-off' test. Which structure is most likely injured?

A 17-year-old female gymnast complains of bilateral vague shoulder pain. Examination reveals a positive sulcus sign, extreme generalized ligamentous laxity (Beighton score 8/9), and apprehension with both anterior and posterior translation, but no history of acute dislocation. What is the initial treatment of choice?

A 60-year-old male with a massive, retracted, irreparable tear of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons presents with chronic pain and weakness. The subscapularis and deltoid are entirely intact, and there is no evidence of glenohumeral arthritis. He desires to improve his active external rotation. Which of the following tendon transfers is most appropriate?

A collegiate baseball pitcher presents with posterior shoulder pain. Examination reveals a 25-degree loss of internal rotation (GIRD) compared to the contralateral side. Pathologic GIRD is widely believed to be primarily driven by which of the following anatomic changes?

Microfracture is a marrow-stimulating technique used to treat full-thickness chondral defects. The resulting repair tissue differs biochemically from native hyaline cartilage predominantly by having a higher concentration of:

Following a microfracture procedure for a focal chondral defect in the medial femoral condyle, the resultant repair tissue is primarily composed of which of the following collagen types?

Microfracture of a full-thickness articular cartilage defect relies on marrow stimulation to form a repair tissue. Which of the following best characterizes the predominant collagen type in this repair tissue?

During clinical examination of a knee, applying a varus stress at 30 degrees of flexion primarily tests the integrity of which of the following structures?

A 35-year-old male sustains a posterior shoulder dislocation. Post-reduction, he has isolated weakness of the deltoid and teres minor. The injured nerve exits the axilla through a space bounded by which of the following structures?

The rotator interval of the shoulder is a distinct anatomical space containing the long head of the biceps and the coracohumeral ligament. Which of the following structures forms the superior border of this interval?

A volleyball player presents with isolated weakness of external rotation of the shoulder. Atrophy is noted only in the infraspinatus fossa. The suprascapular nerve is likely entrapped at which anatomical location?