Shoulder & Hip Sports MCQs

A 19-year-old gymnast complains of bilateral shoulder pain and a feeling of instability. Physical exam reveals generalized ligamentous laxity, a positive sulcus sign, and apprehension with anterior, posterior, and inferior translation. She has failed 6 months of targeted physical therapy. What is the next best step in management?

A 55-year-old woman presents with persistent anterior shoulder pain exacerbated by forward elevation and internal rotation. MRI reveals a narrowed coracohumeral interval measuring 5 mm, edema in the subcoracoid space, and a partial-thickness tear of the subscapularis tendon. What is the most likely diagnosis?

The "rotator cable" is a thick fibrous band of tissue running perpendicular to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle fibers. Its primary function is to stress-shield which of the following adjacent structures?

A 26-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a locked left shoulder in internal rotation following a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Radiographs reveal a posterior shoulder dislocation. Which of the following associated lesions is most likely present?

A 29-year-old professional volleyball player presents with isolated external rotation weakness and posterior shoulder pain. MRI reveals a paralabral cyst. Compression of the suprascapular nerve at the spinoglenoid notch will result in denervation of which of the following muscles?

A 22-year-old rugby player presents with his fifth anterior shoulder dislocation.

3D CT imaging reveals 28% anterior glenoid bone loss. What is the most appropriate definitive surgical management?

A 24-year-old baseball pitcher presents with pain in the posterosuperior aspect of his throwing shoulder during the late cocking phase. Examination reveals a glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) of 25 degrees. What is the primary underlying pathomechanism?

During an arthroscopic anterior stabilization for a patient with recurrent dislocations, an engaging Hill-Sachs lesion is identified. Which of the following procedures involves tenodesis of the infraspinatus tendon into the humeral defect?

A 30-year-old man sustains a shoulder dislocation. An MR arthrogram demonstrates extravasation of contrast into the axillary pouch, obliterating the normal U-shape and creating a "J-sign". This finding is pathognomonic for which of the following lesions?

A 19-year-old gymnast complains of vague, bilateral shoulder pain and a sensation of slipping. Examination reveals a prominent sulcus sign bilaterally, positive apprehension without a history of frank dislocation, and generalized ligamentous laxity. What is the most appropriate initial management?

A 45-year-old construction worker fell onto an outstretched arm and now complains of anterior shoulder pain and weakness. Clinical examination demonstrates a positive Gerber's lift-off test and increased passive external rotation. Which structure is most likely injured?

During an open Latarjet procedure, the surgeon places a self-retaining retractor medial to the conjoint tendon to expose the subscapularis. Excessive medial retraction in this area places which nerve at highest risk of injury?

A 52-year-old laborer presents with a massive, retracted supraspinatus and infraspinatus tear. The subscapularis is intact, the deltoid is highly functional, and there is no evidence of glenohumeral osteoarthritis on radiographs. Which of the following is the most appropriate surgical intervention?

The transverse force couple of the shoulder is crucial for maintaining the humeral head centered within the glenoid during active elevation. This force couple relies on the balanced action of which of the following muscle groups?

A patient is evaluated for anterior shoulder pain. The examiner places the patient's arm in forward flexion, internal rotation, and cross-body adduction, which recreates the patient's sharp anterior pain. Imaging reveals a narrowed coracohumeral distance. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 55-year-old physical laborer presents with persistent deep shoulder pain. MR arthrogram reveals a Type II SLAP tear. Given his age and occupation, what is the most appropriate surgical treatment if conservative management fails?

A 22-year-old collegiate rugby player presents with recurrent anterior shoulder instability. CT scan with 3D reconstruction reveals an "inverted pear" glenoid with 25% anterior bone loss. What is the most appropriate definitive management?

A 55-year-old man sustains a traumatic forced external rotation injury to his shoulder. He demonstrates a positive belly-press test and increased external rotation compared to the contralateral side. MRI confirms an isolated, full-thickness subscapularis tendon tear. During arthroscopic repair, which of the following additional findings is most likely to be encountered?

A 28-year-old elite volleyball player complains of vague posterior shoulder pain and isolated weakness in external rotation. Forward elevation and internal rotation strength are normal. MRI reveals a paralabral cyst in the spinoglenoid notch. This lesion most likely originated from which of the following pathologies?

Following an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, a patient asks about the expected timeline for tendon-to-bone healing. Biomechanically, which type of collagen initially predominates at the healing tendon-bone interface before being remodeled into a stronger, more mature construct?