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Ultimate Guide to Runners Knee: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

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Runners Knee: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

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Runners Knee: What You Need to Know (2023)

Learn about runner's knee (patellofemoral pain syndrome), including its causes, symptoms, treatment options, and prevention techniques. Runner's Knee: What You Need to Know body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0; padding: 0; background-color:

Tibial Plateau Fractures: Basic Anatomy, Mechanism, Treatment, and Complications

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Knee Arthroscopy Surgery in San Diego, CA: A Complete Guide

Learn everything you need to know about knee arthroscopy surgery in San Diego, CA, including the benefits, risks, recovery, and how to find the best surgeons.   Knee Arthroscopy Surgeons: How to Find the Best Doctors in San Diego, CA If you are suffering from knee pain, stiffness,

Your Guide to Top-Rated Knee Arthroscopy Surgeons in San Diego, CA

Looking for the best knee arthroscopy surgeon in San Diego, CA? This blog post provides a comprehensive guide to finding the top-rated surgeons in the area. Learn about the factors to consider when making your decision, and find a surgeon who is right for you. Finding the Best Knee

How to Choose the Top-Rated Knee Arthroscopy Doctor in Phoenix, AZ, for Your Needs

Looking for knee arthroscopy surgeons in Phoenix, AZ? Find the best doctors near you with our comprehensive guide. How to Choose the Best Knee Arthroscopy Surgeon in Phoenix, AZ, If you are suffering from knee pain and looking for a minimally invasive treatment option, you may want to

Knee Arthroscopy Surgeons: How to Find the Best Doctors in Philadelphia, PA

Looking for knee arthroscopy surgeons in Philadelphia, PA? Find the best doctors near you with our comprehensive guide. How to Choose the Best Knee Arthroscopy Surgeon in Philadelphia, PA, If you are suffering from knee pain and looking for a minimally invasive treatment option, you may

Top-Rated Knee Arthroscopy Surgeons in Houston, TX,: A Comprehensive Guide

Looking for knee arthroscopy surgeons in Houston, TX? Find the best doctors near you with our comprehensive guide. How to Choose the Best Knee Arthroscopy Surgeon in Houston, TX, If you are suffering from knee pain and looking for a minimally invasive treatment option, you may want to

Knee Arthroscopy Surgeons in Chicago, IL: Find the Best Doctors Near You

Looking for knee arthroscopy surgeons in Chicago, IL? Find the best doctors near you with our comprehensive guide. How to Choose the Best Knee Arthroscopy Surgeon in Chicago, IL, If you are suffering from knee pain and looking for a minimally invasive treatment option, you may want to

Knee Arthroscopy Surgery in Los Angeles, CA: Everything You Need to Know

  Knee arthroscopy surgery is a minimally invasive procedure that can treat various knee conditions and problems. Learn everything you need to know about this surgery, from the types, benefits, risks, preparation, procedure, recovery, and rehabilitation.   If you are suffering

Best Knee Arthroscopy Doctor in New York City, NY: Find a Top-Rated Surgeon

Find the best knee arthroscopy doctor in New York City, NY by reading reviews, comparing qualifications, and scheduling consultations.   If you are suffering from knee pain or injury that does not respond to conservative treatments, you may need to see a knee arthroscopy doctor. Knee

Join Us in Providing Orthopedic Care to Disabled and Poor Patients in Yemen

What is Orthopedic Care? Orthopedic care is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation of disorders and injuries of the musculoskeletal system. The musculoskeletal system includes the bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage,

Join Us in Providing Orthopedic Care to Disabled and Poor Patients in Yemen

Knee Arthroscopy Recovery Time: What to Expect in 6 Weeks

The recovery time for knee arthroscopy can vary depending on the type of procedure performed and the individual's overall health. In general, most people can expect to be back to their normal activities within 6 weeks. However, it is important to follow your doctor's instructions carefully

Knee Arthroscopy Cost: What You Need to Know

Learn about the cost of knee arthroscopy, including factors that can affect the price, such as the type of procedure, the surgeon's fees, and the location of the surgery. Introduction Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows doctors to view and treat

Femur Neck Fracture: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and More

Proximal femoral fractures, or fractures that occur in the upper part of the femur bone, can cause significant pain, discomfort, and mobility issues. A femur neck fracture is one of the types of proximal femoral fractures, and it occurs when there is a break in the neck of the femur bone, which

$What is a subcapital femur neck fracture?$

What is a subcapital femur neck fracture?

A subcapital femur neck fracture is a break in the neck of the femur, which is the part of the bone that connects the head of the femur to the shaft of the femur. The neck of the femur is a thin and weak bone, so subcapital femur neck fractures are more common in older adults, especially those with

$What is the difference between a subcapital and intertrochanteric fracture?$

What is the difference between a subcapital and intertrochanteric fracture?

A subcapital fracture is a break in the neck of the femur, which is the part of the bone that connects the head of the femur to the shaft of the femur. An intertrochanteric fracture is a break in the trochanters, which are the two large bony protrusions on the upper end of the femur. Subcapital

Proximal Femoral Fractures: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

A proximal femoral fracture is a break in the upper part of the thighbone, also known as the femur. This type of fracture can be caused by a fall, a car accident, or a direct blow to the hip. Proximal femoral fractures are most common in older adults, especially those with osteoporosis. Symptoms

Talus Avascular Necrosis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

Talus avascular necrosis (AVN) is a condition that affects the bone of the ankle, called the talus. It occurs when the blood supply to the talus is interrupted or reduced, causing the bone cells to die and the bone to collapse. This can lead to pain, stiffness, swelling and arthritis in the ankle

ACL Reconstruction Surgery: A Complete Guide for Patients

Learn everything you need to know about ACL reconstruction surgery, including what it is, why you may need it, how it is done, and what to expect from recovery. introduction Have you ever injured your knee and felt a pop, followed by pain and swelling? If so, you may have torn your anterior

How to Cope with an Orthopedic Injury: Strategies for Recovery and Rehabilitations

Are you coping with an orthopedic injury? Discover practical tips and strategies for recovery and rehabilitation in this comprehensive blog post. From seeking medical attention to implementing rehabilitation exercises, managing pain, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, learn how to effectively

Anterior Tibialis Transfer: A Surgical Solution for Residual Clubfoot

 Clubfoot is one of the most common birth defects that affects the foot and ankle. It causes the foot to point downward and inward, making walking difficult and painful. Clubfoot can be treated with various methods, such as casting, bracing, or surgery. However, some children may still have

Foot and Ankle Surgery: What You Need to Know

Foot and ankle surgery is a surgical procedure that is performed to correct or repair a problem with the foot or ankle. It can be used to treat a variety of conditions, including:   * Bunions * Hammertoes * Plantar fasciitis * Achilles tendinitis * Ankle sprains * Ankle

تمزق الرباط الصليبي الأمامي دليل شامل

! تمزق الرباط الصليبي الأمامي تمزق الرباط الصليبي الأمامي هو إصابة شائعة جدًا في الركبة. يمكن أن يحدث للرياضيين الذين يمارسون رياضات مثل كرة القدم وكرة السلة

متى يمكن المشي بعد عملية الرباط الصليبي؟

! كم من الوقت بعد جراحة الرباط الصليبي الأمامي يمكنك المشي بدون دعامة؟ سيرشدك الجراح إلى التطورات والأطر الزمنية المناسبة لاستخدام الدعامة / العكاز في حالتك

hip

DEVELOPMENTAL DISLOCATION OF THE HIP (DDH)   This condition occurs in the perinatal period and involves displacement of the femoral head relative to the acetabulum; if untreated it disrupts the normal development of the hip joint which in the long term may lead to joint dysplasia,

Segmental and peripheral nerves of the limbs

    Fig. 2.1.     THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS: CERVICAL PART   The roots of the brachial plexus are formed by

Revision Hip Arthroplasty Case Title: Acetabular Revision ‘Cup-Cage Techniques’

Demographics   Age: 73 Sex: Female BMI: 23   Relevant Past Medical History   Previous surgical procedures: Left hip—shelf arthroplasty 1962, THA 1985. Right hip THA 1989 Medication: Painkiller Other: Rehabilitation History of Presenting

Revision Hip Arthroplasty Case Title: Cup-Cage Reconstruction for Severe Acetabular Bone Loss

Demographics   Age: 57 Sex: Female BMI: 28.7   Relevant Past Medical History   Principal pathologies: Hypertension Previous surgical procedures: Right THR 1994 for mild hip dysplasia (type I) Medication: Amlodipine, Tylenol History of presenting

Revision Hip Arthroplasty Case Title: Acetabular Augment for a Paprosky Type IIIA Acetabular Defect

Case Title: Acetabular Augment for a Paprosky Type IIIA Acetabular Defect Demographics   Age: 67 years Sex: Male BMI: 23.4   Relevant Past Medical History   Principal pathologies: Bilateral developmental hip dysplasia. Previous surgical procedures:

Primary Hip Arthroplasty Case Title: Hemiresurfacing for Hip Osteonecrosis in Active Young Patients

Case Title: Hemiresurfacing for Hip Osteonecrosis in Active Young Patients         Demographics   Age: 32 Sex: Male BMI: 29.1   Relevant Past Medical History   Principal pathologies: Bilateral

Uncemented Acetabular Revision with Hemispherical Cup

  Uncemented Acetabular Revision with Hemispherical Cup     INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS A hemispherical cementless acetabular component can be used for most acetabular revisions that the surgeon will encounter in practice. We prefer to use the Paprosky

Modular Stems

  Modular Stems     INDICATIONS While useful in most hips requiring primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), modular femoral stems are especially indicated in conditions with abnormal acetabular and/or femoral anatomy (1). Elements of developmental dysplasia of the hip

Double-Tapered Primary Stems

  Double-Tapered Primary Stems       INTRODUCTION   Tapered femoral stems can be described by their geometry: single taper, double taper, and triple taper. Single-taper stems have a reduction (taper) in medial-lateral dimension in the frontal plane but

The Tapered Stem

  The Tapered Stem   Cementless fixation in total hip arthroplasty emerged as a result of the perceived need for more durable longterm fixation. Cementless stems have yielded variable results depending on surgical technique, implant, and patient population. Results with tapered

The Uncemented Socket

  The Uncemented Socket       BACKGROUND Cementless fixation has become the primary method of acetabular component reconstruction in North America as several reports have suggested unacceptably high failure rates of cemented acetabular fixation

Periacetabular Osteotomy and Femoral Osteotomy

  Periacetabular Osteotomy and Femoral Osteotomy       THE BERNESE PERIACETABULAR OSTEOTOMY Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is associated with structural deformity of the acetabulum that creates mechanical dysfunction and has been recognized as a major

Head-Sparing Procedures for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

  Head-Sparing Procedures for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head   INDICATIONS/CONTRAINDICATIONS Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a disease process that results in impaired blood flow to the hip, which ultimately results in bone cell death. Although

Hip Arthroscopy for Nonstructural Pathology

  Hip Arthroscopy for Nonstructural Pathology       INTRODUCTION   Arthroscopy of the hip joint has become one of the fastest growing surgical procedures in the past decade. As the pursuit of addressing pathology of the hip joint via a minimally

The Direct Lateral Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty

    The direct lateral approach (DLA) to the hip joint is a versatile surgical exposure that can be used for primary and simple revision total hip arthroplasty (THA), where an extensile dissection to visualize the pelvis or femur is not needed (1,2). It is easily and quickly

Conservative Hip Surgery Case Title: Arthroscopic Excision of Intra-articular Osteoid Osteoma of the Femoral Neck

Demographics   Age: 22 Sex: Male BMI: 23.7 Relevant Past Medical History   Principal pathologies: Intra-articular osteoid osteoma Previous surgical procedures: None Medication: None Other: No known drug allergies History of presenting

Conservative Hip Surgery Case Title: Subcapital Realignment in Unstable SCFE

Demographics   Age: 12 years Sex: Female BMI: 19   Relevant Past Medical History   Principal pathologies: Inconspicuous anamnesis Previous surgical procedures: None Medication: None Other: None History of presenting

Conservative Hip Surgery Case Title: Surgical Hip Dislocation as First Step for Revision of Instability from Arthroscopy

Demographics   Age: 33 years Sex: female BMI: 24   Relevant Past Medical History   Principal pathologies: Residual anterolateral acetabular dysplasia and high femoral anteversion. Anterolateral loss of the joint cartilage Previous

Conservative Hip Surgery Case Title: Femoral Head Reduction Osteotomy

Demographics   Age: 15 years Sex: Male BMI: 20.5   Relevant Past Medical History   Principal pathologies: Complex deformity after Perthes disease Previous surgical procedures: None Medication: NSAR, physical therapy Other:

Conservative Hip Surgery Case Title: Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy for Residual Acetabular Dysplasia

Demographics   Age: 21 years Sex: Female BMI: 22   Relevant Past Medical History   Principal pathologies: Hip dysplasia with lateral uncoverage and labral tear Previous surgical procedures: None Medication: NSAR and physical

Biomaterials and Biomechanics

Basic concepts Definitions Biomechanics—science of forces, internal or external, on the living body Statics—action of forces on rigid bodies in a system in equilibrium Dynamics—bodies that are accelerating and the

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation     Gait, Amputations, Prostheses, Orthoses, and Neurologic Injury     Section 1Gait, Walking, Gait Dynamics, Determinants of Gait (Motion Patterns), Muscle Action, Pathologic Gait, Section

PEDIATRIC KNEE Fractures and Dislocations

PEDIATRIC KNEE         OVERVIEW The knee is a ginglymoid (hinge) joint consisting of three articulations: patellofemoral, tibiofemoral, and tibiofibular. Under normal cyclic loading, the knee may experience up to five times body

PEDIATRIC FEMORAL SHAFT and KNEE Fractures and Dislocations

PEDIATRIC FEMORAL SHAFT         EPIDEMIOLOGY Represent 1.6% of all fractures in the pediatric population. Males are more commonly affected at a ratio of 2.6:1. Bimodal distribution of incidence: The first peak is from 2 to 4 years

FRACTURES OF THE MIDFOOT AND FOREFOOT

FRACTURES OF THE MIDFOOT AND FOREFOOT             MIDTARSAL (CHOPART) JOINT Epidemiology Injuries to the midfoot are relatively rare. The annual incidence of midfoot fractures is 3.6 per 100,000 population per

INJURIES ABOUT THE ANKLE

INJURIES ABOUT THE ANKLE         ROTATIONAL ANKLE FRACTURES Epidemiology Population-based studies suggest that the incidence of ankle fractures has increased dramatically since the early 1960s. The highest incidence of ankle fractures

TIBIA/FIBULA SHAFT Fractures

TIBIA/FIBULA SHAFT Fractures         EPIDEMIOLOGY Fractures of the tibia and fibula shaft are the most common long bone fractures. In an average population, there are about 26 tibial diaphyseal fractures per 100,000 population per

PATELLA AND EXTENSOR MECHANISM INJURIES

PATELLA AND EXTENSOR MECHANISM INJURIES             PATELLAR FRACTURES Epidemiology Represent 1% of all skeletal injuries Male-to-female ratio 2:1 Most common age group 20 to 50 years old Bilateral

DISTAL FEMUR Fractures

DISTAL FEMUR Fractures         EPIDEMIOLOGY Distal femoral fractures account for about 7% of all femur fractures. If hip fractures are excluded, one-third of femur fractures involve the distal portion. A bimodal age

PELVIS Fractures and Dislocations

PELVIS Fractures and Dislocations EPIDEMIOLOGY The incidence of pelvic fractures in the United States has been estimated to be 37 cases per 100,000 population per year. In persons younger than 35 years, males sustain more pelvic fractures than females; in persons older than 35

PERIPROSTHETIC FRACTURES

PERIPROSTHETIC FRACTURES       TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY Femoral Shaft Fractures Epidemiology Intraoperative: There is a 0.3% up to 5% incidence overall, including cemented and uncemented

PERIPROSTHETIC FRACTURES

PERIPROSTHETIC FRACTURES         TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY Femoral Shaft Fractures Epidemiology Intraoperative: There is a 0.3% up to 5% incidence overall, including cemented and uncemented components. Postoperative: There

Hip Replacement Surgery: Types, Costs, and Recovery

Hip replacement surgery is a procedure that replaces the damaged or diseased hip joint with an artificial joint. It is a common surgery that is performed to relieve pain and improve function in people with arthritis, avascular necrosis, and other conditions that affect the hip

Reconstruction Cases Avascular necrosis

A 51-year-old male presents with a chief complaint of left hip pain that has been progressively worsening for the past 6 months. He has groin pain and describes radiation to his knee. He has been taking a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication with some relief but continues to limp and

Principles of Hip Arthroscopy

Principles of Hip Arthroscopy     Preoperative Preparation       Thromboembolic deterrent (TED) stockings are placed on both lower extremities 2 in below the level of the fibular head to avoid compression of the

Foot and Ankle cases 34

A 33-year-old man jumped off a 6-ft ledge, injuring his right ankle. He presented to the emergency department shortly thereafter, unable to bear weight on the right foot. The ER physician confirmed that he was in no acute distress, had no open wounds, and had palpable pedal pulses with soft foot

Foot and Ankle cases 5

A 50-year-old otherwise healthy and active gentleman fell from a height of approximately 8 ft while rock climbing. He had immediate pain in his left ankle and was unable to bear weight on that extremity. He presented to the emergency department with pain isolated to the left ankle and foot. Initial

10 Pediatrics CASES

CASE                               10

9 Pediatrics CASES

    CASE                                9

8 Pediatrics CASES

CASE                                8

8 Pediatrics CASES

CASE                                8

Sports Medicine CASES

CASE 1   A 22-year-old, female jogger presents complaining of right knee pain. She describes an insidious onset of her symptoms during the last 3 months. She enjoys running most days and is training for a five-mile road race. Recently, she has been running more and has added hill

4 Sports Medicine CASES

CASE                                4

Soft Tissue Surgery of the Knee

Soft Tissue Surgery of the Knee     &zwnj; &zwnj; &zwnj;&zwnj; &zwnj;   321Knee arthroscopy 328Arthroscopic meniscal knee surgery 332Lateral patellar retinaculum release Patellofemoral instability 334Cartilage

Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery

Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery       Epiphysiodesis&zwnj; Developmental dysplasia of 443 Slipped upper femoral epiphysis: Osteotomy   462 the hip: Closed

Surgery of the Ankle

Ankle arthrodesis &zwnj; &zwnj; 367 Surgery for Achilles tendinopathy 377 Ankle arthroplasty &zwnj; 371 Surgery for peroneal tendinopathy 381

Surgery of the Ankle

  Ankle arthrodesis&zwnj;&zwnj;   367   Surgery for Achilles tendinopathy   377 Ankle arthroplasty&zwnj; 371 Surgery for peroneal

Surgery of the Hip

Surgery of the Hip       Primary total hip arthroplasty 239&zwnj;&zwnj; Revision total hip arthroplasty 255&zwnj; Hip resurfacing 262&zwnj; Hip arthrodesis 264&zwnj; Excision hip

Surgery of the Peripheral Nerve

Surgery of the Peripheral Nerve       Carpal tunnel decompression&zwnj; Ulnar nerve decompression at the wrist&zwnj; Ulnar nerve decompression at the

Total Hip Replacement in an Ambulatory Surgical Setting

Introduction                        As the costs of healthcare continue to rise and the burdens of hospitalization increase, both to the healthcare system and the healthcare consumer,

Total Hip Arthroplasty in Proximal Femoral Deformity

Introduction                        Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) in the setting of deformity in the proximal femur can be a challenging proposition. For practical purposes during THA,

Total Hip Arthroplasty in Acute Acetabular Fractures Using Octopus System

Introduction                        The acetabular fractures are the result of significant trauma. The anatomic location as well as the complexity of the three-dimensional structure make

Total Hip Arthroplasty for Bony Ankylosis

Introduction                        Hip ankylosis is usually either spontaneous or surgical arthrodesis done for hip arthritis. Spontaneous hip ankylosis can be caused by hematogenous

The Collum Femoris Preserving (CFP) Prosthesis in Primary Total Hip Replacement

Introduction                        For the possible concept of anatomical primary hip replacement various types of prosthesis have been described within the last decades. One possible

Primary THA— The Kinectiv® Stem

Introduction   A primary goal of successful total hip arthroplasty (THA) is to re-establish correct hip biomechanics. This means optimal leg length, offset, center of rotation, tension and avoidance of impingement. Modularity is a common and fully accepted technique to achieve this in

METHA: Short Stem THA

Introduction                        Short stem designs offer a conservative option for total hip arthroplasty which is bone and soft tissue preserving, in young and active patients with

The Proxima—A Metaphyseal, Stemless, Proximally Loading Implant

Introduction                        Excellent long-term results have been achieved with both conventional cemented and cementless implants. However, the patient profile has changed in

Birmingham Hip Resurfacing—Designer Surgeon’s Technique

Introduction                        In the management of end-stage hip arthritis in young patients, the primary goal of hip resurfacing is to provide a conservative alternative until an

The Direct Anterior Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background Surgical approaches are anatomic dissections of tissue planes that use anatomic knowledge to limit the amount of dissection required to perform the procedure while avoiding nerve and vessel damage.1 A variety of surgical approaches including anterior, anterolateral, direct lateral,

The Lateral (Modified Hardinge) Approach to the Hip

Surgical Anatomy McFarland and Osborne first described the modern lateral approach to the hip in 1954.1 This approach was popularised in 1982 by Hardinge.2 Whilst this approach was described originally for total hip arthroplasty, it is now commonly used both for total hip arthroplasty surgery in

Mini-Open Achilles Tendon Repair: Perspective 2

DEFINITION Spontaneous Achilles tendon ruptures are defined as a partial or complete loss of continuity of the distal tendinous portions of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles with the consequent loss in physiologic equinus of the ankle.     ANATOMY   The

Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability

DEFINITION Lateral ligament injuries of the ankle are treated conservatively with good results in most cases. However, several factors may lead to chronic ankle instability with recurring ankle sprains: Inadequate primary treatment Incomplete healing of the ligaments Repetitive trauma with

Subtalar Arthroscopy: Perspective 1

DEFINITION The subtalar joint is a complex and functionally important joint of the lower extremity. It plays a major role in inversion and eversion of the foot. Subtalar arthroscopy can be applied as a diagnostic and therapeutic instrument. Subtalar arthroscopy includes arthroscopy of the

Posterior Ankle Arthroscopy and Hindfoot Endoscopy

DEFINITION Because of their nature and deep location, posterior ankle problems pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Arthroscopic evaluation of posterior ankle problems by means of routine ankle arthroscopy using an anteromedial, anterolateral, and posterolateral portal is difficult

Treatment of Bone Loss, Avascular Necrosis, and Infection of the Talus with Circular Tensioned Wire Fixators

DEFINITION Talus fractures are high-energy fractures that can have traumatic bone loss, avascular necrosis (AVN), and infected nonunion as the outcome of the injury.1,3,15,23 Acute talar bone loss and subsequent AVN and infection will present a cascade of hindfoot reconstruction

Arthroscopic Ankle Arthrodesis

DEFINITION Arthritis of the ankle can evolve from multiple causes, including, but not limited to, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and posttraumatic conditions. As the condition progresses, it generally leads to increased pain, gait abnormalities, and diminished function. Surgical

Plantar Fascia Release in Combination with Proximal and Distal Tarsal Tunnel Release

DEFINITION Chronic plantar fasciitis with distal tarsal tunnel syndrome is an underrecognized disorder in which the patients with the typical enthesopathy of plantar fasciitis develop neurogenic symptoms and signs, becoming recalcitrant to the usual management of the initial

Morton Neuroma and Revision Morton Neuroma Excision or Endoscopic Decompression

DEFINITION Morton neuroma was first described in 1845 by Lewis Durlacher, a chiropodist to the Queen of England. A primary interdigital (Morton) neuroma is in fact not a neuroma, as it does not involve the haphazard proliferation of axons seen in a traumatic nerve injury. Instead, this

Internal Fixation of Sesamoid Fractures

DEFINITION Hallux sesamoid bone fracture is a break through the sesamoid bone or cartilage. Medial sesamoid bone fractures are more common than lateral sesamoid bone fractures.1,14 Fractures usually occur about perpendicular to the long axis of the elliptically shaped bone. Longitudinal

First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis: Perspective 1

DEFINITION Arthrosis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint is commonly seen in osteoarthritis (hallux rigidus), rheumatoid disease, and gout. The indication for surgical treatment of the first MTP joint is pain where conservative treatment has failed. Arthrodesis of the first MTP

Extending the Indications for the Distal Chevron Osteotomy

DEFINITION The distal chevron osteotomy has proven to be a reliable, reproducible method of bunion repair for mild to moderate deformity. By altering the location and displacement of the osteotomy, the indications can be expanded to more complex deformities while preserving the straightforward

Biplanar Distal Chevron Osteotomy

DEFINITION Hallux valgus is a common condition that can affect both adults and adolescents.2,7 Patients complain of pain and restriction with activities of daily living because of the lateral deviation of the great toe, the medial deviation of the first metatarsal, and the onset of

Pediatric Orthopaedic MCQS ONLINE BANK 1

PREFERRED RESPONSE 3   Improved medical management has changed musculoskeletal outcomes for individuals with hemophilia. Patients with severe hemophilia receiving prophylactic administration of factor VIII may never develop a target joint that requires further orthopaedic intervention.

Spine Orthopedic MCQS online Bank

(SAE08OS.6) Figures 2a and 2b show the radiograph and MRI scan of a 56-year-old woman who has low back pain and right leg pain. She has grade 3/5 toe and ankle dorsiflexion strength on the right side. Nonsurgical management has failed to provide relief; therefore, surgery should include Review

Sport Orthopedics Mcqs online Bank

(SAE12SN.35) What is the most commonly involved level for brachial plexus stretch injuries or "stingers" in younger athletes involved in collision sports? Review Topic   1 C3-4 2 C4-5 3 C5-6 4 C6-7 5 C7-T1   PREFERRED

Total Elbow Arthroplasty for Rheumatoid Arthritis

DEFINITION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory condition of unknown etiology affecting 1% to 2% of the population. It affects females two to three times as frequently as males, and the incidence increases with age, typically peaking between 35 and 50 years of

Ulnohumeral (Outerbridge-Kashiwagi) Arthroplasty

DEFINITION Primary osteoarthritis of the elbow is a relatively uncommon but disabling disorder that affects mostly middle-aged men who use the upper extremity in a repetitive fashion. Typically, patients are heavy manual workers or athletes. Osteoarthritis affects the elbow less frequently than

Intramedullary Fixation of Humeral Shaft Fractures

r       DEFINITION Incidence: 3% to 5% of all fractures12 The AO/ASIF classification of humeral shaft fractures is based on increasing fracture comminution and is divided into three types according to the contact between the two

Direct Lateral Exposure

Introduction Adequate exposure is considered an essential part of a revision total hip replacement, equal in importance to other steps such as implant extraction dealing with bone defects, implant selection, and postoperative rehabilitation. Many exposures have been described for revision

Cementless Fixation

P ITFALLS Osteoporosis   Cementless Fixation   Indications Tricompartmental arthritis of the knee that has failed nonoperative measures Controversies Weight and inflammatory arthritis are not contraindications to cementless

Minimally Invasive Subvastus Approach for Total Knee Arthroplasty

P ITFALLS Examine the preoperative lateral radiograph carefully for patella baja as these patients are poor candidates for any minimally invasive total knee approach because it is very difﬁcult to translate the patella laterally.   Patients with marked preoperative

Total Knee Replacement in the Varus Knee

Indications End-stage arthritis associated with pain and dysfunction that has failed nonoperative treatment. Examination/Imaging Physical Examination Gait, alignment, range of motion, and stability are assessed, and a neurovascular exam is performed. Examination of

Cementless Acetabular Cup Technique

Introduction Use of cementless fixation in total hip arthroplasty permits direct osteointegration of the implant with long-term biologic fixation to bone. Problems with modular cementless acetabular components have been related to wear or mechanical failure of

The Cemented Femoral Stem

Indications Relative indications for a cemented femoral stem include: Smaller, less active patients Dorr type C femoral canals Osteopenic bone Prior sepsis in which the use of antibiotic-impregnated cement is

Direct Lateral Approach to the Hip

Indications The direct lateral approach can be used for primary total hip replacement in patients with advanced arthritis of the hip or femoral neck fracture requiring replacement. This approach can also be used for revision total hip replacement

Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy

Introduction The Bernese periacetabular osteotomy is a powerful acetabular redirection procedure performed by making a series of connecting cuts to free up the acetabulum without disturbing the posterior column. It can be performed without abductor dissection, and it can easily be

Intertrochanteric Femoral Osteotomy

Indications Patient selection is crucial for the success of the intertrochanteric osteotomy. Patients should be under the age of 50 years, should be motivated, and should have a clear and realistic understanding of the goal of surgery. Various symptomatic hip pathologies can be appropriate

Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty with Femoral Bone Loss: Distal Femoral Replacement

DEFINITION During revision of the femoral component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), some bone loss from the distal femur is nearly inevitable when the femoral component is removed. Distal femoral bone loss can be repaired by bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate), metal augments fixed to the

Upper Tibial Osteotomy (High Tibial Osteotomy)

DEFINITION High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is realignment surgery, which has developed for treating medial compartment osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee.7 One of the main etiologic factors of knee OA is excessive biomechanical stress loaded on a focal area due to varus deformity of the lower limb

Hip Arthroscopy

DEFINITION Hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive technique to address a variety of painful hip conditions in the athletic and prearthritic population. A surge in technologic development since the mid-1990s has allowed surgeons to effectively and reliably treat a variety of painful hip

Treatment of Anterior Femoroacetabular Impingement through the Mini-Open Anterior Approach

DEFINITION Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a mechanical hip disorder defined as abnormal abutment between the femoral head or the femoral head-neck junction and the acetabulum. It was initially described as a distinct physiologic entity by Myers et al,28 who noted abnormal contact

Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty with Femoral Bone Loss: Fluted Stems

DEFINITION A fluted femoral stem is designed to provide diaphyseal rotational stability through multiple longitudinally oriented flutes with varying numbers and positions, depending on the manufacturer. These fluted stems may be a useful reconstructive option in one or more of the following

Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty with Femoral Bone Loss: Impaction Allografting

DEFINITION One of the significant challenges in hip revision surgery is the absence of satisfactory proximal femoral bone stock. Restoration of the structural integrity of the proximal femur is paramount to the success of any revision surgery. Impaction allografting of bone has been used

Hip Resurfacing

DEFINITION Hip resurfacing is a surgical procedure whereby the femoral head is preserved and a component (mostly metal) is placed like a cap on the femoral head. The acetabular component is also a monolithic piece made of metal. Hip resurfacing offers the advantage that femoral bone can be

Uncemented Total Hip Arthroplasty

DEFINITION Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the standard of care for symptomatic degenerative joint disease (DJD) of the hip that is unresponsive to nonoperative treatment. Cementless THA has demonstrated excellent mid- to longterm results. The acetabular component obtains initial fixation

Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty

DEFINITION For the past 50 years, cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been a highly successful surgical solution for end-stage hip disease. Although cementless fixation has grown in popularity and now dominates North American practice, cemented THA remains an evidence-based and

Foot and Ankle Amputations: Ray Resections and Lisfranc/Chopart

BACKGROUND     Malignant tumors of the foot present a significant and formidable challenge to the orthopaedic oncologist due to the foot's unique function and anatomic peculiarities.   Both bone and soft tissue contribute to the structure and function of the foot.

Hamstrings Muscle Group (Posterior Thigh) Resection

BACKGROUND     The posterior thigh (hamstring musculature) is the least common of the three compartments of the thigh for sarcomas to arise within. About 15% to 20% of the soft tissue sarcomas of the thigh arise within the posterior hamstring musculature. There is great variation

Quadriceps Resections

BACKGROUND     The quadriceps muscle group is the most common site for extremity soft tissue sarcomas.   The most common sarcomas at this site are liposarcomas, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas, and leiomyosarcomas.   Although tumors of the anterior

Distal Femoral Resections with Endoprosthetic Replacement

BACKGROUND   Ralph C. Marcove (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center) and Kenneth C. Francis (New York University Medical Center) introduced limb-sparing resection in the early 1970s for the management of malignant bone tumors, initially for osteosarcoma of the distal femur. The

Proximal and Total Femur Resection with Endoprosthetic Reconstruction

BACKGROUND J   The proximal and midfemur are common sites for primary bone sarcomas and metastatic tumors.   Patients who were candidates for extensive femoral resection because of malignant tumor had long been considered a high-risk group for limb-sparing procedures

Hip Disarticulation and Creating an Above-Knee Amputation Stump after Hip Disarticulation

BACKGROUND     Hip disarticulation is an amputation of the lower extremity through the hip joint capsule. Although most tumors of the lower extremities are amenable to limb-sparing techniques, some tumors of the femur and thigh are so extensive that hip disarticulation is needed

Anterior Flap Hemipelvectomy

BACKGROUND     The anterior flap hemipelvectomy is a modified version of the classic posterior flap hemipelvectomy. Instead of using the traditional posterior skin flap of the gluteal region, a myocutaneous flap from the anterior thigh is used to close the peritoneum after

Posterior Flap Hemipelvectomy

BACKGROUND     Despite increasingly effective chemotherapy and advances in limb-sparing surgery around the pelvis and hip, hindquarter amputation (hemipelvectomy) often remains the optimal surgical treatment for primary tumors of the upper thigh, hip, or

Overview of Endoprosthetic Reconstruction

BACKGROUND       Limb salvage—reconstruction following resection of malignant tumors of the extremities—has seen dramatic advances in a relatively brief period of time. The traditional surgical approach to the treatment of sarcoma, namely immediate amputation

Hip Arthroscopy Techniques

  4     P ITFALLS Absolute contraindications Hip pain referred from other sources, such as a compression fracture of the lumbar spine   Osteonecrosis or synovitis in the absence of mechanical

Scope for Femoroacetabular Impingement

6&zwnj;     Scope for Femoroacetabular Impingement     DEFINITION     Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is the result of abnormal contact between the proximal femur and the acetabular

Hip Arthroscopy

            DEFINITION     Hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive technique to address a variety of painful hip conditions in the athletic and prearthritic

Hip Arthroscopy: The Basics

  Hip Arthroscopy: The Basics&zwnj;   3     DEFINITION     The hip is increasingly recognized as a source of pain owing to heightened awareness of pathologies, recent research, enhanced imaging techniques, and

Hip Preservation‌‌ Snapping Hip/Lateral Hip

Hip Preservation&zwnj;&zwnj; Snapping Hip/Lateral Hip         DEFINITION         Coxa saltans is a term popularized by Allen and various co-authors.1 Encompasses

Periarticular Arthroscopy

DEFINITION   The periarticular sources of pain around the hip joint include, but are not limited to, disorders of Peritrochanteric space (trochanteric bursitis, external coxa saltans, and abductor tears) Iliopsoas

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of the Patella

DEFINITION The patella, the largest sesamoid bone, is an essential component for knee extension (in conjunction with the patellar and quadriceps tendons) and provides leverage to the quadriceps mechanism. Fractures of the patella have the potential to disrupt the extensor mechanism. Fractures

Cephalomedullary Nailing of the Proximal Femur

DEFINITION Fractures of the proximal femur are usually grouped into four major types reflecting differences in the anatomic and physiologic character of these regions: Femoral head fractures Intracapsular femoral neck fractures Pertrochanteric fractures (also referred to

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation and Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Fixation of Femoral Neck Fractures

n       DEFINITION Femoral neck fractures occur in two patient populations. Most commonly, they happen in older osteopenic patients after low-energy trauma, such as falls. When they occur in younger patients with normal bone, they are

Intramedullary Fixation of Humeral Shaft Fractures

Bridge Plating of Distal Radius Fractures

DEFINITION High-energy fractures of the distal aspect of the radius with extensive comminution of the articular surface and extension into the diaphysis represent a major treatment challenge. Standard plates and techniques may be inadequate for the management of such fractures. Before the

Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome

DEFINITION Compartment syndrome can be either acute or chronic. Acute compartment syndrome is usually due to trauma to, or reperfusion of, the extremity. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is often associated with the repetitive loading or microtrauma of endurance

Acute Patellar and Chronic Patellar Instability

DEFINITION Patellar instability in children and adolescents usually involves an episode of complete dislocation of the patella from the trochlear groove. Occasionally, there can be episodes of patellar subluxation without gross dislocation. There are two main types of patellar

Upper Tibial Osteotomy (High Tibial Osteotomy)

Deepening Trochleoplasty

DEFINITION Trochlear dysplasia is a pathologic condition occurring in approximately 3% of the population but up to 96% of those with recurrent patellar instability.9 The condition is one in which structural abnormalities of the femoral trochlea results in patellar instability. Trochlear

Tibial Tubercle Transfer

DEFINITION Tibial tubercle transfer is a versatile surgical alternative in the treatment of difficult and resistant patellofemoral disorders ranging from patellofemoral instability to patellofemoral arthritis. Patients with combined instability and arthritis often benefit from tibial tubercle

Knee Lateral Release

DEFINITION Patellofemoral pain is a common symptom in active adolescents and adults. The diagnosis of patellofemoral pain is nonspecific. It may be caused by trauma, instability, overuse, or anatomic abnormalities such as bipartite patella, maltracking, or malalignment. It may also be caused

Knee Loss of Motion

DEFINITION Loss of motion is a generic term that can refer to a loss of flexion, extension, or both. It does not specifically imply a particular etiology. Flexion contracture implies a loss of extension secondary to contracture or relative shortening of the posterior soft tissues

Repair of Acute and Chronic Quadriceps Tendon Ruptures

DEFINITION Quadriceps tendon ruptures result in disruption of the fibers of this tendon, thereby disrupting the extensor mechanism of the knee. Injury is prevalent in patients older than 40 years old and is more common in men. Ruptures usually occur transversely through the tendon at a

Management of the Multiple Ligament-Injured Knee

DEFINITION Multiligament knee injuries result from both high-energy (eg, motor vehicle collisions) and low-energy (eg, athletic injuries, falls) events. Ultra-low velocity dislocations are those described in obese patients with minimal trauma. Dislocation of the tibiofemoral joint is common,

Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament

DEFINITION Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears have been described in detail in Chapter 49. Any patient with functional instability or pivoting of the knee is considered to have an ACL insufficiency. Anatomic ACL reconstruction is defined as the functional restoration of the ACL to

Osteochondritis Dissecans and Avascular Necrosis

DEFINITION Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), avascular necrosis (AVN), spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee, and chondral and osteochondral lesions all occur at or beneath the articular surface of a weight-bearing joint and are easily confused (FIG 1). OCD lesions occur when a segment of

Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation

DEFINITION Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) was first described by Brittberg et al2 in 1994 in which articular cartilage is harvested, enzymatically prepared to isolated chondrocytes, cultured to undergo proliferation, and transplanted into an articular cartilage defect to produce

Microfracture Chondroplasty

DEFINITION Chondral defects in the knee are common. The lesions may be partial or full thickness (FIG 1), through all layers of the articular cartilage down to the level of the subchondral bone. Chondral defects may be acute or chronic. These articular cartilage lesions may present

Meniscal Repair

DEFINITION A meniscus tear results in mechanical disruption of the gross structure of the medial or lateral meniscus or both. The goals of meniscus repair are to preserve and optimize meniscus function and to restore joint biomechanics, ultimately resulting in protection and preservation of

Arthroscopic Meniscectomy

DEFINITION Irreparable meniscal tears are those for which no healing response is possible. This may include all or part of a meniscus, prompting partial, subtotal, or total meniscectomy. Meniscal injuries in the “white zone” (central avascular portion; FIG 1) most

Knee Arthroscopy: The Basics

DEFINITION Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive video-assisted surgical intervention for intra-articular disease of the knee.     ANATOMY   The knee can be divided into three compartments: the patellofemoral joint, the lateral tibiofemoral joint, and the medial

Total Elbow Arthroplasty for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Ulnohumeral (Outerbridge-Kashiwagi) Arthroplasty

Scope for Femoroacetabular Impingement

DEFINITION Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is the result of abnormal contact between the proximal femur and the acetabular rim. Abnormalities can be identified on either the femoral or acetabular side but are more commonly seen on both sides. This abnormal contact can lead to acetabular

Periarticular Arthroscopy

DEFINITION The periarticular sources of pain around the hip joint include, but are not limited to, disorders of Peritrochanteric space (trochanteric bursitis, external coxa saltans, and abductor tears) Iliopsoas musculotendinous unit (internal coxa saltans) Rectus abdominis/pubic

Hip Arthroscopy: The Basics

DEFINITION The hip is increasingly recognized as a source of pain owing to heightened awareness of pathologies, recent research, enhanced imaging techniques, and greater popularity of hip arthroscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Hip arthroscopy first was performed on a cadaver in the

Arthroscopic Débridement for Elbow Degenerative Joint Disease

Arthroscopic Débridement for Elbow Degenerative Joint Disease   DEFINITION Primary degenerative arthritis of the elbow joint is a relatively uncommon condition.9,18 Patients with primary osteoarthritis of the elbow are frequently manual laborers, athletes, and those who rely

Bridge Plating of Distal Radius Fractures

  Bridge Plating of Distal Radius Fractures       DEFINITION High-energy fractures of the distal aspect of the radius with extensive comminution of the articular surface and extension into the diaphysis represent a major treatment challenge. Standard plates and

Hip Arthroscopy

Hip Arthroscopy           DEFINITION Hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive technique to address a variety of painful hip conditions in the athletic and prearthritic population. A surge in technologic

Treatment of Anterior Femoroacetabular Impingement through Mini-Open Anterior Approach

  Treatment of Anterior Femoroacetabular Impingement through Mini-Open Anterior Approach         DEFINITION Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a mechanical hip disorder defined as abnormal abutment between the femoral head or the femoral head-neck

Modified Dunn Procedure for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

  Modified Dunn Procedure for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis         DEFINITION The modified Dunn procedure is an open realignment of the capital femoral epiphysis performed through a surgical dislocation approach.18 Like the original Dunn

Percutaneous In Situ Cannulated Screw Fixation of the Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis S

  Percutaneous In Situ Cannulated Screw Fixation of the Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis       DEFINITION Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a common hip disorder in adolescents in which the neck and femur displace anterolaterally (most commonly into

Triple Innominate Osteotomy

  Triple Innominate Osteotomy         DEFINITION Triple innominate osteotomy (TIO) is a surgical procedure that includes osteotomy of the ilium, ischium, and pubis, allowing rotation of the acetabulum around the femoral head (FIG 1). This greater

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE QUESTION BANK H3C

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE QUESTION BANK H3C       Slide 1 Slide 2 Slide 3 Slide 4       Slide 5 A

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE QUESTION BANK H3A

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE QUESTION BANK H3A     1)      3341. (2079) Q8-2501: Indications for internal fixation of the humeral shaft include all of the following except:   1) Acute radial nerve palsy 3) Bilateral humeral fractures 2)

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE QUESTION BANK H3A

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE QUESTION BANK H2E

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE QUESTION BANK H2E The diagnosis of chronic exertional compartment syndrome is confirmed by measuring a resting pressure of more than    mm Hg, 1-minute postexercise pressure of more than    mm Hg, or a 5-minute postexercise pressure

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE QUESTION BANK H2B

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE QUESTION BANK H2A 2072. (2226) Q5-2654: The protein neurofibromin normally acts in which of the following ways:   1) Inhibits fibroblast growth factor 3) Downregulates Ras protein 2) Promotes proteoglycan assembly 5) Promotes tumor formation 4)

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE QUESTION BANK H2A

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE QUESTION BANK H2D A 4-year-old girl is brought in for examination by her mother because of a bump on the lateral side of her elbow. The girl is unable to extend her elbow. She falls as much as any child, but no particular injury to the elbow is recalled. Radiographs show a

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE QUESTION BANK H1D

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE QUESTION BANK H1D Which of the following is a significant risk factor for a motor nerve palsy following a primary hip replacement:   1) Age <50 years 3) Prior hip surgery 2) Female sex 5) Developmental dysplasia 4) Body mass index

Valgus Osteotomy of the Proximal Femur

  Valgus Osteotomy of the Proximal Femur         DEFINITION Valgus osteotomy of the proximal femur can be performed for a number of different conditions including (among others) congenital or acquired coxa vara, fracture nonunion, avascular necrosis

Triple Innominate Osteotomy

Innominate Osteotomy of Salter

Innominate Osteotomy of Salter       DEFINITION The Salter innominate osteotomy is commonly performed in conjunction with an open reduction for the dislocated hip in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) after 18 months of age. The osteotomy can also be performed

Excision of Physeal Bar

 57 Excision of Physeal Bar         DEFINITION A physeal bar, or partial premature physeal arrest, is an osseous connection that forms across a physis and has the potential to affect physeal growth.7 Partial physeal arrest may result in three clinically

Percutaneous Distal Femoral or Proximal Tibial Epiphysiodesis for Leg Length Discrepancy

  Percutaneous Distal Femoral or Proximal Tibial Epiphysiodesis for Leg Length Discrepancy         DEFINITION Epiphysiodesis involves manipulation of a physis (growth plate) to cause temporary or permanent, partial or complete growth inhibition to

Surgical Management of Blount Disease

  Surgical Management of Blount Disease         DEFINITION Blount disease, also known as idiopathic tibia vara and osteochondritis deformans tibiae, is characterized by abnormal growth of the proximal tibia physis with progressive varus

Femoral Rotational Osteotomy (Proximal and Distal)

  Femoral Rotational Osteotomy (Proximal and Distal)       DEFINITIONS Femoral anteversion is the angle in the transverse (rotational) plane between the neck of the femur and the distal femur, as defined by the intercondylar axis. The term femoral

Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome

  Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome           DEFINITION Compartment syndrome can be either acute or chronic. Acute compartment syndrome is usually due to trauma to, or reperfusion of, the extremity. Chronic exertional compartment

Meniscoplasty for Discoid Lateral Meniscus

  Meniscoplasty for Discoid Lateral Meniscus   t     DEFINITION A discoid meniscus is abnormal in both thickness and amount of covering or interposition of the compartment or plateau. Over 99% of cases occur on the lateral side of the knee, with an

Knee Lateral Release

 Knee Lateral Release       DEFINITION Patellofemoral pain is a common symptom in active adolescents and adults. The diagnosis of patellofemoral pain is nonspecific. It may be caused by trauma, instability, overuse, or anatomic abnormalities such as bipartite

Tibial Tubercle Transfer

  Tibial Tubercle Transfer         DEFINITION Tibial tubercle transfer is a versatile surgical alternative in the treatment of difficult and resistant patellofemoral disorders ranging from patellofemoral instability to patellofemoral

Acute Patellar and Chronic Patellar Instability

Chapter 41 Acute Patellar and Chronic Patellar Instability   Eric J. Wall Jay C. Albright Sarah R. Steward     DEFINITION Patellar instability in children and adolescents usually involves an episode of complete dislocation of the patella from the trochlear

Distal Femoral Physeal Fractures

Chapter 28 Distal Femoral Physeal Fractures   Martin J. Herman     DEFINITION Fractures of the distal femoral physis are those that involve the physis or growth plate of the distal femur. These fractures occur most commonly in older children and adolescents from

Trochanteric Entry Nailing for Pediatric Femoral Shaft Fractures

Chapter 27 Trochanteric Entry Nailing for Pediatric Femoral Shaft Fractures   J. Eric Gordon June C. Smith   DEFINITION Fractures of the femoral shaft are characterized by acute, nonpathologic fractures of the femur in which the primary portion of the fracture is at

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE BANK OITE23

Orthopedics MCQS ONLINE OITE23 1.03 What is the most common complication associated with surgical fixation of a transverse midshaft humeral fracture using antegrade statically locked medullary nail?   Infection Radial nerve palsy Brachial artery injury during

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE OITE 1213 1A

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE BANK OITE 22

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE BANK OITE 22 FOR OITE 22 FIGURES CLICK OITE22FIG 02.1 answer back A 30-year-old patient sustains an isolated type II open femoral shaft fracture. In addition to irrigation and debridement, management should include 1- skeletal traction. 2-

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE BANK OITE 21

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS BANK ONLINE OITE 21   For  OITE 21 FIGURES CLICK OITE21FIG 01.1 A 49-year-old man has a persistent Trendelenburg gait after undergoing open reduction and internal fixation of a posterior wall acetabular fracture 6 months ago. The radiographs reveal a normal

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE BANK OITE 20

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE BANK OITE 20   For OITE 20 FIGURE CLICK  OITE 20 FIGURES  00.1 A 25-year-old man sustains the injury shown in the radiographs in Figures 1A and 1B. Examination reveals that he is neurovascularly intact, and there is a transverse 3-cm open medial

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE BANK OITE 97

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE BANK OITE 97 97.1 A 55-year-old woman reports a spontaneous onset of severe pain in her ribs. AP and lateral chest radiographs show severe osteopenia, two rib fractures, and three vertebral compression fractures. Laboratory studies show a hemoglobin level of 9.0

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS BANK OITE 96

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS BANK OITE 96 96.1 A 4‑year‑old girl has had increasing left hip pain over the past 48 hours and has stopped walking. Her temperature is 38°C (100.4°F). Hip range of motion is limited. Aspiration of the hip reveals a WBC of 68,000/mm' and

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS BANK OITE 99

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS BANK OUTE 99 99.1 Examination of a 60-year-old man who has a painful flatfoot deformity reveals no demonstrable function of the posterior tibial tendon. Neither the hindfoot valgus nor the forefoot pronation is passively correctable, and management consisting of shoe

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS BANK OITE98

Orthopaedic In-Training Exam 1998   Question 1 - A patient has a grade 2 open tibial fracture with 70% cross sectional bone loss that extends 2 cm in length. Treatment consists of stabilization with a nonreamed interlocking nail and successful secondary wound closure. Four months

Percutaneous In Situ Cannulated Screw Fixation of the Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

  Chapter 79 Percutaneous In Situ Cannulated Screw Fixation of the Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Richard S. Davidson and Michelle S. Caird   DEFINITION Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a common hip disorder in adolescents in which the neck and

Valgus Osteotomy for Perthes Disease

  Chapter 78 Valgus Osteotomy for Perthes Disease   Ellen M. Raney   DEFINITION Valgus osteotomy for Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (Perthes disease) is a salvage operation. It is designed for those hips in which the primary goal of containment is

Triple Innominate Osteotomy

  Chapter 73   Triple Innominate Osteotomy   Dennis R. Wenger and Maya E. Pring   DEFINITION Triple innominate osteotomy (TIO) is a surgical procedure that includes osteotomy of the ilium, ischium, and pubis, allowing rotation of the

Innominate Osteotomy of Salter

  Chapter 70 Innominate Osteotomy of Salter   Richard E. Bowen and Norman Y. Otsuka   DEFINITION The Salter innominate osteotomy is commonly performed in conjunction with an open reduction for the dislocated hip in developmental dysplasia of the hip

Hemi-Epiphysiodesis for Ankle Valgus

  Chapter 39 Hemi-Epiphysiodesis for Ankle Valgus   Peter M. Stevens   DEFINITION Ankle valgus is a lateral and upward slope of the tibiotalar joint resulting in foot pronation and sometimes lateral translocation of the talus relative to the

Excision of Physeal Bar

  Chapter 32   Excision of Physeal Bar   Anthony A. Stans   DEFINITION A physeal bar, or partial premature physeal arrest, is an os-seous connection that forms across a physis and has the potential to affect physeal growth.4 Partial

Elbow Physical Examination

  CHAPTER ELBOW&zwnj;   ●A TENDON TESTS 90   Tennis elbow test 90 Golfer’s elbow test 93 ●B LIGAMENT/INSTABILITY TESTS 95   Valgus test 95 Varus test 97 Posterolateral pivot shift

Surgical Management of Blount’s Disease

  Chapter 30 Surgical Management of Blount’s Disease   Eric D. Shirley and Richard S. Davidson   DEFINITION Blount’s disease, also known as idiopathic tibia vara and os-teochondritis deformans tibiae, is characterized

Meniscoplasty for Discoid Lateral Meniscus

  Chapter 25 Meniscoplasty for Discoid Lateral Meniscus   Jay C. Albright   DEFINITION A discoid meniscus is abnormal in both thickness and amount of covering or interposition of the compartment or plateau. Over 99% of cases occur on the

Proximal Patellar Realignment

  Chapter 21 Proximal Patellar Realignment   Jay C. Albright   DEFINITION Instability of the patellofemoral joint is a significant cause of pain and dysfunction in children and young adults. Instability or dislocations may occur in either

Pediatric Hip Fractures

  Chapter 10   Pediatric Hip Fractures   R. Dale Blasier   DEFINITION Hip fractures in children may be intra-articular, involving the physis or femoral neck, or extra-articular, involving the intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric

Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty With Femoral Bone Loss: Distal Femoral Replacement

    Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty With Femoral Bone Loss: Distal Femoral Replacement   DEFINITION During revision of the femoral component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), bone loss from the distal femur is nearly inevitable. Deficient bone in the

Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Navigation: A Guide for Surgeons

Computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty (CA-TKA) is a surgical procedure that uses computer navigation technology to help surgeons position the implants more accurately. This can lead to better long-term results and a reduced risk of complications. Learn more about CA-TKA at Hutaif

Upper Tibial Osteotomy

      Upper Tibial Osteotomy       DEFINITION Upper tibial osteotomy (high tibial osteotomy [HTO]) has evolved from a procedure used strictly for treating medial compartment arthrosis of the knee to one that has implications in

Periacetabular Osteotomy

  Chapter 13&zwnj;   Periacetabular Osteotomy   Marco Teloken, David Gusmao, and Marcus Crestani     DEFINITION According to the prefix peri (meaning “around”), a periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is defined as an

Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty With Acetabular Bone Loss: Impaction Allografting

      DEFINITION Acetabular bone loss remains a challenge to the joint reconstruction surgeon. Bone loss may be the result of trauma, acetabular dysplasia, tumor, infection, implant loosening, or osteolysis. Primary reconstruction methods often are

Hip Resurfacing

      DEFINITION Surface replacement is a significant development in the evolution of hip arthroplasty. Hip resurfacing is based on the premise that femoral bone can be preserved. The femoral head is “resurfaced” by insertion of a

Uncemented Total Hip Arthroplasty

  Chapter 2 Uncemented Total Hip Arthroplasty   Matthew S. Austin and Brian A. Klatt   DEFINITION Total hip arthroplasty is the standard of care for symptomatic degenerative joint disease of the hip that is unresponsive to nonoperative

Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty

      DEFINITION For the past 40 years, cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been the most successful surgical solution for end-stage hip disease. Cemented THA is appropriate for treatment of hip pathology caused by a variety of degenerative,

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of the Patella

  Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of the Patella   DEFINITION The patella, the largest sesamoid bone, is a key part of the knee extensor mechanism and provides leverage to the quadriceps mechanism. Fractures of the patella have the potential to disrupt the

Cephalomedullary Nailing of the Proximal Femur

Cephalomedullary Nailing of the Proximal Femur The proximal femur has a variety of fractures that can occur. While some can be managed with minimal damage, others can have very serious and longterm consequences. The Cephalomedullary nail is a surgical procedure that has been shown to be

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation and Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Fixation of Femoral Neck Fractures

  Chapter 6 Open Reduction and Internal Fixation and Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Fixation of Femoral Neck Fractures Brian Mullis and Jeff Anglen   DEFINITION Femoral neck fractures occur in two patient populations. Most commonly, they

Tibial Tubercle Transfer

  Chapter 53 Tibial Tubercle Transfer   John P. Fulkerson   DEFINITION Tibial tubercle transfer is a versatile surgical alternative in the treatment of difficult and resistant patellofemoral disorders ranging from patellofemoral instability to

Arthroscopic Lateral Release of the Knee

  Chapter 51 Arthroscopic Lateral Release of the Knee   Carl H. Wierks and Andrew J. Cosgarea   DEFINITION Patellofemoral pain is a common symptom in active adolescents and adults. The diagnosis of patellofemoral pain is nonspecific. It may

Knee Loss of Motion

Knee Loss of Motion   Chapter 50 Knee Loss of Motion   Gregory C. Fanelli, Justin D. Harris, Daniel J. Tomaszewski, and John A. Scanelli III   DEFINITION Loss of motion is a generic term that can refer to a loss of flexion, extension, or

Repair of Acute and Chronic Quadriceps Tendon Ruptures

Repair of Acute and Chronic Quadriceps Tendon Ruptures     Chapter 49 Repair of Acute and Chronic Quadriceps Tendon Ruptures   Krishna Mallik   DEFINITION Quadriceps tendon ruptures result in disruption of the fibers of this tendon, thereby

Management of the Multiple Ligament–Injured Knee

Management of the Multiple Ligament–Injured Knee   Chapter 47 Management of the Multiple Ligament–Injured Knee   Ralph W. Passarelli, Bradley B. Veazey, Daniel C. Wascher, Andrew J. Veitch, and Robert C.

Anatomic Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Anatomic Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction   Chapter 42 Anatomic Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Steven B. Cohen and Freddie H. Fu   DEFINITION Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears have been described in

Microfracture Chondroplasty

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