Orthopaedic postgraduate exams
I.Single-choice questions (1 point for each question, 50 points in total, no point for wrong choice)
1. The most common complication of lower middle third humerus fracture is
A brachial artery injury B median nerve injury C ulnar nerve injury
D radial nerve injury E brachial biceps rupture injury
2. Humerus fracture, for comminuted fracture, choose which treatment method is better
A bone traction therapy B intramedullary needle fixation
C pressurized plate fixation D ordinary plate fixation
E manipulation reduction and splint fixation
3.The most common displacement direction of the fracture end of the extended supracondylar fracture of the humerus is
A distal end is shifted backward B proximal end is shifted backward
C distal end is shifted forward multiple D proximal end is shifted radially
E proximal end is shifted ulnar end
4. Fracture of the upper third of the humerus, with the fracture line above deltoid, and displacement of the distal fracture segment, mainly due to
A pectoralis major, coracoid brachialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii
B latissimus dorsi, coracoid brachii, biceps brachii, triceps brachii pull
C teres major, coracoid brachii, biceps brachii, triceps brachii pull
D deltoid, coracoid brachii, biceps brachii, triceps brachii
E brachioradialis, coracoid brachialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii pull
5. The common complication of the straight supracondylar fracture of humerus is
A ischemic necrosis of the lower humerus B vascular nerve injury
C local infection of fracture D fat embolism E traumatic shock
6. In the treatment of humerus supracondylar fracture, the most should prevent the occurrence of deformity is
A anterior angulus B cubital varus C cubital eversion
D rotation E posterior angulus
7. Supracondylar fracture of humerus is the most vulnerable to injury
A brachial biceps muscle B brachial triceps muscle C brachial artery and vein D musculocutaneous nerve E radial nerve
8. The combined injuries that can occur with a clavicle fracture are
A cervical 2,3 nerve root B sternocleidomastoid muscle C accessory nerve injury
D phrenic nerve injury E brachial plexus nerve injury
9. An abductor fracture of the femoral neck is Pauwel corner
A is less than 10° B is less than 15° C is less than 20°
D is less than 25° E is less than 30°
10. The commonly used treatment for clavicle fracture is
A open reduction, internal fixation
B manipulation, horizontal figure 8 bandage fixation
C traction treatment
D manipulation reduction, splint fixation
E manipulation reduction, plaster external fixation
11. A more stable fracture of the femoral neck is
A abduction B adduction C intertrochanteric D subhead E neck base
12. Colles fracture, the most clinically significant sign
A local swelling B typical deformity C local tenderness
D abnormal movement E limited hand function
13. For a fracture of the upper third of the femur, the displacement direction of the proximal fracture is
A flexion abduction pronation B flexion abduction pronation
C posterior abduction pronation D posterior abduction pronation
E posterior abduction and abduction pronation
14. For patients with fracture of the upper 1/3 of the right femoral shaft, the best position for traction treatment is
A horizontal traction B anterior hip flexion traction C adjunctive traction
D external stand traction E external rotation abduction, hip flexion traction
15. When Colles breaks a bone, which of the following is the least common
A fracture malunion
B fracture ununion
C combined with ulnar styloid fracture
D combined with carpal deltoid cartilage disc rupture
E combined with inferior ulnar radial joint dislocation
16.4 years old child with shoulder pain after a fall, examination of sunken shoulder, impaired limb movement, head deviation to the affected side, negative Dugas sign, most likely diagnosis
A shoulder dislocation B brachial plexus injury C clavicle fracture
D humeral surgical neck fracture E radial microcephaly subluxation
17. Male, 26 years old. The booth outside the left upper limb fell; Palm on the ground, immediately left shoulder swelling pain. Physical examination: left shoulder full, local slightly lower depression with obvious tenderness, shoulder movement disorder, the most likely diagnosis
A left anterior dislocation of shoulder joint
B left posterior dislocation of shoulder joint
C left shoulder soft tissue injury
D humeral surgical neck fracture
E humeral head fracture
18. Patients with humerus fracture has been 6 months, local abnormal activity, X-ray film alignment to the line is good, but there are still fracture line, callus is very few, the bone end has hardening phenomenon, what kind of treatment is appropriate
A continued small splint fixation
B chest shoulder brachial plaster external fixation
C plate internal fixation
D plate internal fixation + bone graft
E plate internal fixation plus bone graft plus plaster external fixation
19.8 years old boy, your right elbow joint injury, the local take on X-ray diagnosis of humerus condyle fracture, the gimmick reset failed twice, to the court for 48 hours after injury, when the body half bending your right elbow joint, swelling, tenderness, finger function obstacle, radial pulse is weak, cold finger, numbness, should be on the diagnosis of humerus condyle fracture merge
A extensive soft tissue contusion B major vein injury C brachial artery injury
D muscle fracture injury E median ulnar and radial nerve injury
20.5 years old girl fell in the semi-flexion position of elbow joint and landed on the palm, resulting in a supracondylar extension fracture of the humerus, with the distal fracture end shifted backward, upper and radial. When manual reduction is performed, which of the following procedures is wrong
A supine, elbow flexion 50°, forearm in neutral position
B pull and pull, full correction of shortened displacement and angular displacement C full correction of rotational displacement
D full correction of backward displacement in the distal segment
E full correction of radial displacement
21. In young patients with double fractures of the forearm ulnar and radial bone, manual reduction fails, and reasonable treatment should be taken at this time, is
A small splint was fixed
B plaster tube fixation was operated on three weeks later
C continuous bone traction was operated on three weeks later
D open reduction, internal fixation and external fixation were performed
E orthopedic surgery was performed after fracture healing
22. Patients with clavicle fracture caused by shoulder trauma, examination revealed that shoulder abduction, elbow flexion, elbow flexion function and wrist, hand function completely lost, and sensory disturbance, which treatment should be selected for this patient
A early surgical open reduction, internal fixation, simultaneous exploration of brachial plexus
B manual reduction, horizontal 8 word bandage fixed
C manual reset, cast external fixation
D manual reset, splint fixed
E traction reset
23. Trauma caused humerus in the lower 1/3 fracture combined with vertical wrist vertical finger deformity for 2 days, the patient is most suitable for which treatment
A After reduction and splint fixation B reduction, plaster fixation
C traction treatment D surgery open reduction, internal fixation
E manipulation reduction, splint or plaster fixation, observation 2 to 3 months, stretch the wrist and stretch the finger did not recover, then surgery
24. A 24-year-old male suffered an open tibiofibular fracture due to a car accident. He was admitted to hospital 4 hours later and underwent emergency surgery
A reduction of tibiofibular fractures and internal fixation
B reduction of tibial fractures and internal fixation
C reduction of fibula fractures and internal fixation
D complete debridement to ensure the first-stage healing of the wound
E bone traction until the second-stage healing of the wound
25. After a fall, an elderly man had pain in his right hip and walked to the hospital. The X-ray showed an abductor type implanting type femoral neck fracture
A continuous skin traction fixation for 6-8 weeks
B three-blade nail internal fixation after 6-8 weeks of skin traction
C immediate surgery with three-blade nail internal fixation
D hip herringbone plaster fixation
E splint fixation
26.65 years old female, right palm on the ground after falling, pain, swelling, tenderness in the snuff socket, no abnormal activity, no obvious deformity, the most likely diagnosis of this disease is
A right wrist dislocation B right scaphoid fracture C right wrist Colles fracture
D ulna styloid process fracture E right wrist contusion
27. Colles fracture of the lower radius in the elderly. Fracture alignment is good, and inserted, the patient should choose which treatment
A traction treatment B symptomatic treatment C surgical treatment
D detumescence treatment E splint fixation or plaster fixation
28.36 years old, male. The overturned car suffered shoulder trauma and came to the hospital half an hour later. It was found that 1/3 of the left clavicle was deformed, local swelling was obvious, blood stasis, radial pulse could not be touched, hands were cold, skin color was pale, blood pressure was 80/40mmhg. What should be done first
A take X-ray film immediately
B perform all tests immediately
C perform angiography
D replenish fluid immediately, blood transfusion
E repair the fracture and fix it
29. A 24-year-old male suffered a left upper femur fracture caused by a car accident 3 hours ago. The bone tip was exposed and the X-ray showed a slight oblique fracture
A debridement suture, splint fixation
B debridement, fracture reduction, intramedullary needle internal fixation plus external fixation
C debridement suture, fracture pending secondary treatment
D debridement suture, plaster fixation
E debridement suture, manual reduction, splint fixation
30. The fracture of right humerus shaft was caused by the trauma of the young male, with the broken end exposed. On physical examination, there was a drooping wrist, a drooping finger deformity and sensory disturbance in the tiger's mouth. The correct diagnosis of the disease is
A right humerus shaft open fracture
B right humerus shaft open fracture with radial nerve injury
C right humerus shaft fracture with radial nerve injury
D right humeral shaft closed fracture
E right humeral shaft closed fracture with radial nerve injury
31. The fracture of the right humerus shaft resulted from the trauma of the young male, with the broken end exposed. The correct treatment for this patient is
A debridement suture, manipulation reduction, internal fixation
B debridement, manipulation reduction, internal fixation, observation 2 months, radial nerve function did not recover. After debridement and suture
C manual reduction, plaster fixation
D debridement, manual reduction, internal fixation with pressurized plate, exploration of radial nerve, repair with external fixation and debridement and suture
E traction treatment
32. The child was 6 years old and landed on the palm when he fell. On examination, the elbow joint was half bent, with obvious swelling and tenderness at the elbow, subcutaneous ecchymostasis, and protruding deformity. The most likely diagnosis is
A straight supracondylar fracture of the humerus
B flexion supracondylar fracture of the humerus
C dislocation of the elbow
D subluxation of the radius
E fracture of the ulna
33. The child was 6 years old, palm on the ground when he fell, with elbow joint semi-flexion, obvious swelling and tenderness on the elbow, subcutaneous ecchymostasis, protruding deformity, weakened radial artery stroke, the presence of posterior elbow triangle, and sudden pain in passive finger extension. The correct treatment for the patient is
A immediately open fascia decompression
B ulna olector traction
C manipulation reduction, plaster cast fixation
D open reduction, internal fixation
E brachial plexus anesthesia or application of vasopressor failed, surgical exploration of brachial artery, at the same time fracture reduction, internal fixation
34. Ischemic contracture of the forearm is more common
A humeral supracondylar extension fracture B humeral shaft fracture
C distal radius fracture D clavicle fracture E supra ulnar fracture 1/3
35. Radial nerve injury is more common
A humeral supracondylar extension fracture B humeral shaft fracture
C distal radius fracture D clavicle fracture E supra ulnar fracture 1/3
36. Fractures are common in the elderly
A supracondylar extension fracture of the humerus B femoral neck fracture
C distal radius fracture D clavicle fracture E supra ulnar fracture 1/3
37.30-year-old woman, fell from a height half an hour ago, the right lower femur swelling and pain, abdominal pain, physical examination: indifferent, the lower end of the femur has an angular deformity. Which patient should be checked first?
A There is abnormal activity at the lower end of the right femur
B There is no bone rub at the lower end of the right femur
C Examination of vital signs
D Diagnostic abdominal puncture
E Check for anterior dorsal artery pulsation
38.30 years old female, fell from a height half an hour ago, swelling and pain in the lower part of the right femur, abdominal pain, physical examination: mentally detached, angular deformity in the lower part of the femur. The patient was finally diagnosed with oblique fracture of the lower third of the right femur, fracture of the pelvic ischial ramus and pubic ramus, and after 3 days, the abdominal symptoms disappeared, the vital signs were balanced, but the right dorsal foot artery had weak pulse, cold foot and pale color, which treatment should be adopted at this time
A After manual reduction, plaster external fixation
B open reduction, internal fixation plus vascular exploration
C manual reduction, splint fixation
D vascular exploration, plaster external fixation
E continued to observe
39. Proximal fracture abduction, lateral flexion and displacement
A femoral neck fracture B intertrochanteric fracture C upper third fracture
D upper middle femur fracture E supracondylar fracture
40. The distal segment is shifted backward
A femoral neck fracture B intertrochanteric fracture C upper third fracture
D upper middle femur fracture E supracondylar fracture
41. Lower extremities shortened, abducting, extreme pronation
A femoral neck fracture B intertrochanteric fracture C upper third fracture
D upper middle femur fracture E supracondylar fracture
42. Femoral shaft fracture caused by trauma in 2 years old child
A open reduction internal fixation B closed reduction external fixation fixation
C suspension traction D bone traction
E manipulation reduction and plaster external fixation
43. The most correct position for a patient with a spinal fracture during transportation is
A side position B supine flexion position C supine overextension position
D prone overextension position E semi-seated position
44. Which of the following tests is most important in determining whether spinal fracture or dislocation is associated with spinal cord injury
A X-ray film B CT C MRI D nervous system examination
E lumbar puncture for queken test and cerebrospinal fluid biochemical examination
45. The order of treatment for pelvic fractures with urethral injury and hemorrhagic shock is
A pelvic fracture -- urethral injury -- shock
B shock -- urethral injury -- pelvic fracture
C shock -- pelvic fracture -- urethral injury
D urethral injury -- pelvic fracture
E simultaneous management of shock and urethral injury -- pelvic fracture
46. The change below the injury plane of a spinal fracture resulting in dislocation and semi-transverse spinal cord injury is
A complete paraplegia of bilateral limbs
B ipsilateral limb movement disappeared, bilateral limb depth sensation disappeared
C ipsilateral limb movement and deep sensation disappeared, contralateral limb pain and warmth sensation disappeared
D ipsilateral limb movement and pain and warmth sensation disappeared, contralateral limb pain and warmth sensation disappeared
E ipsilateral limb pain and warmth sensation disappeared, contralateral limb movement and deep sensation disappeared
47. Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between spinal trauma and spinal cord injury is false
A spinal cord injury segment is not consistent with the plane of spinal injury
B thoracic vertebra is relatively fixed, so the dislocation of thoracic vertebra is mostly free of spinal cord injury
C some cases show obvious spinal cord injury, but the X-ray film shows no bone marrow injury caused by fracture and dislocation
D The most common cases are flexion fracture and dislocation.
E patients with spinal canal stenosis, and spinal trauma is more prone to spinal cord injury
48. The most important sign of pelvic fracture is
A deformity B abnormal activity C local tenderness and indirect compression pain
D bone afferate and bone rubbing sensation E swelling and bruising
49. Spinal cord shock caused by spinal trauma is due to
A spinal cord nerve cells suffered concussion, resulting in temporary functional inhibition and conduction dysfunction
B fracture tablets penetrated into the spinal cord
C spinal cord suffered from hematoma and other compression
D spinal cord nerve cells were damaged after trauma
E conduction bundles of upper and lower spinal cord nerves were broken
50. The first choice of treatment for cervical compression fracture combined with dislocation is
A jaw pillow belt traction B manipulation reduction, plaster fixation
C skull traction D two-table reduction method E cut complex method
II. Essay questions (25 points per question, 50 points in total)
1. The composition, function, stage and treatment of rotator cuff injury were discussed in detail.
2. The AO type and Schatzker type of tibial plateau fractures and their corresponding treatment methods were discussed in detail
