9. Shoulder and Elbow MCQs

A patient sustains an anteromedial facet fracture of the coronoid process. If left untreated, this specific fracture pattern is highly associated with which type of elbow instability?

A 30-year-old patient falls onto an outstretched arm and sustains a Mason type II radial head fracture. There is a 3 mm displaced fragment involving 25% of the articular surface, but no mechanical block to rotation is noted on examination after intra-articular local anesthetic injection. What is the most appropriate management?

A 40-year-old female presents with recurrent elbow clicking and a sensation of giving way when pushing up from a chair. Physical examination reveals apprehension with axial load, supination, and valgus stress applied to the elbow. Which of the following structures is most likely deficient?

A 24-year-old professional baseball pitcher presents with posterior elbow pain during the deceleration phase of throwing. He complains of an inability to fully extend his elbow and occasionally feels catching. Radiographs demonstrate posteromedial olecranon osteophytes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 45-year-old heavy laborer felt a pop in his anterior elbow while lifting a heavy box. Examination reveals weakness in forearm supination and elbow flexion, with a positive hook test. If an anterior single-incision surgical repair is planned using suture anchors, which of the following nerves is at greatest risk if retractors are placed aggressively on the radial neck?

A 35-year-old male falls from a ladder and sustains a terrible triad injury of the elbow. He undergoes open reduction and internal fixation. What is the recommended sequence of surgical repair for this injury pattern?

A 48-year-old avid golfer presents with chronic medial elbow pain. Examination reveals point tenderness just distal to the medial epicondyle and pain with resisted wrist flexion and pronation. Non-operative management has failed. Surgical intervention for this condition primarily involves debridement of the origin of which muscle?

A 12-year-old baseball pitcher presents with medial elbow pain, decreased throwing velocity, and localized tenderness over the medial epicondyle. Radiographs reveal widening of the medial epicondyle apophysis compared to the contralateral side. What is the initial treatment of choice?

A 9-year-old gymnast presents with lateral elbow pain and stiffness. Radiographs demonstrate sclerosis and fragmentation of the entire capitellum without a localized loose body or distinct crater. Given her age and radiographic findings, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Which bundle of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is the primary restraint to valgus stress at the elbow during late cocking and early acceleration phases of throwing?

To minimize the risk of injury to the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) when establishing the anterolateral portal during elbow arthroscopy, the elbow should be positioned in:

A 45-year-old woman complains of elbow clicking and a sense of instability when pushing off from a chair. The underlying pathology primarily involves deficiency of which of the following structures?

A 22-year-old collegiate baseball pitcher presents with posterior elbow pain during the deceleration phase of throwing. Imaging reveals loose bodies and osteophytes in the posteromedial olecranon fossa. What is the most likely underlying pathophysiology?

A 14-year-old male gymnast presents with lateral elbow pain and mechanical catching. MRI demonstrates fluid behind a loose osteochondral fragment in the capitellum. What is the most appropriate initial management?

A 45-year-old golfer presents with severe medial elbow pain that worsens with resisted forearm pronation and wrist flexion. Nonoperative management has failed. Surgical debridement targets the origin of which of the following muscle pairs?

An 11-year-old Little League pitcher complains of medial elbow pain. Radiographs demonstrate widening of the medial epicondylar apophysis. Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding this condition?

In the surgical management of a 'terrible triad' injury of the elbow, which of the following represents the standard sequence of repair to restore stability?

The most common major complication following ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction of the elbow is:

A 7-year-old boy presents with dull, aching lateral elbow pain without a history of significant trauma. Radiographs show sclerosis and fragmentation of the capitellum without loose bodies. What is the most likely diagnosis?