9. Shoulder and Elbow MCQs

A 32-year-old male recreational tennis player presents with a 4-week history of progressive activity-related elbow pain in his dominant upper extremity. C linical examination demonstrates marked tenderness at the lateral epicondyle and pain at the lateral epicondyle with resisted wrist extension. No instability is detected on clinical examination. The next step in management is:

Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of a two-incision technique vs a single-incision technique for distal biceps repair:

Approximately what percentage of supination strength is lost with an unrepaired distal biceps tendon rupture:

A 35-year-old woman complains of recurrent clicking and a sensation of her elbow 'giving way' when pushing up from a chair. Physical examination reveals a positive lateral pivot-shift test. Which ligamentous structure is primarily deficient in this condition?

A 25-year-old professional baseball pitcher experiences posterior elbow pain during the deceleration phase of throwing. Imaging reveals posteromedial olecranon osteophytes. If osteophyte excision is performed, what complication is most likely if the resection is overly aggressive?

A 45-year-old man undergoes a single-incision anterior repair for an acute distal biceps tendon rupture. Postoperatively, he notes numbness over the lateral aspect of his forearm. Which nerve was most likely injured during the procedure?

A 40-year-old sustains a terrible triad injury of the elbow after a fall on an outstretched hand. According to standard surgical protocols, what is the recommended sequence of structural reconstruction?

A 30-year-old sustains an isolated anteromedial facet fracture of the coronoid. This specific fracture pattern is most closely associated with which mechanism and concomitant ligamentous injury?

In a patient undergoing surgical debridement for recalcitrant medial epicondylitis, which muscular origins are most commonly involved in the pathologic tendinosis?

A 9-year-old boy presents with lateral elbow pain and stiffness. Radiographs show sclerosis, fragmentation, and flattening of the entire capitellum without loose bodies. What is the most likely diagnosis?

The capitellum is prone to osteochondritis dissecans due to a tenuous vascular supply. The dominant intraosseous vascular supply to the capitellum enters from which direction?

During a two-incision distal biceps repair, a muscle-splitting approach is utilized to reach the radial tuberosity. To best protect the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) during this posterior approach, the forearm should be placed in which position?

During the throwing motion of a baseball pitcher, peak valgus stress at the elbow, which places the maximal strain on the ulnar collateral ligament, occurs during which phase?

A patient presents with a 45-degree flexion contracture of the elbow 6 months after a simple dislocation. Non-operative management has failed. During an open arthrolysis, which structure is the primary restraint that must be released to achieve full extension?

In a patient diagnosed with refractory medial epicondylitis, which of the following tendinous structures is most commonly targeted during surgical debridement?

A 22-year-old collegiate baseball pitcher reports acute medial elbow pain accompanied by a "pop" during a pitch. Examination reveals pain and laxity with valgus stress at 30 degrees of elbow flexion. Injury to which of the following structures is the primary cause of this instability?

A 45-year-old falls onto an outstretched hand and sustains a "terrible triad" injury of the elbow. Which of the following describes the standard recommended sequence of surgical repair for this injury?

A 35-year-old woman complains of recurrent elbow clicking and a feeling that the elbow will "give way" when pushing up from a chair. On examination, a pivot-shift test is positive. This condition is most likely caused by insufficiency of which of the following ligaments?

During a single-incision anterior approach for a distal biceps tendon repair, the patient develops postoperative numbness over the lateral aspect of the forearm. Which nerve was most likely injured during the procedure?

A 7-year-old boy presents with a 3-month history of dull, aching lateral elbow pain without a specific injury. Radiographs reveal fragmentation and sclerosis of the entire capitellum. What is the most likely diagnosis?