Shoulder Pathology MCQs

Which two muscles act as the primary force couple to produce upward rotation of the scapula during arm elevation?

A 28-year-old bodybuilder presents with a dull ache in his right shoulder and difficulty lifting heavy weights overhead. On examination, lateral winging of the scapula is observed. Injury to which of the following nerves is the most likely cause?

A 25-year-old bodybuilder presents with a dull ache in his right shoulder and difficulty lifting weights overhead. Physical examination reveals lateral winging of the scapula. Injury to which of the following nerves is the most likely cause?

A 21-year-old gymnast presents with painless winging of the scapula after a neck injury. Examination shows the vertebral border of the scapula translated laterally and superiorly. Which nerve is most likely injured?

Which of the following is considered the primary pathological change occurring during the 'freezing' stage of idiopathic adhesive capsulitis?

Following an extensive axillary lymph node dissection, a patient presents with medial winging of the scapula, which is accentuated when the patient pushes against a wall. Which muscle and corresponding nerve have been injured?

Histological studies comparing multifidus muscle integrity after open versus minimally invasive lumbar fusion demonstrate significantly less muscle atrophy in the MIS group. What is the primary mechanism of multifidus injury prevented by the MIS tubular approach?

A 45-year-old female undergoes an anterior transthoracic discectomy at the T1-T2 level. Postoperatively, she is noted to have unilateral ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis on the ipsilateral side. Which structure was most likely compromised during the exposure?

The largest available free muscle flap comes from which of the following muscles:

A 28-year-old pitcher complains of right upper extremity heaviness, fatigue, and numbness in the ulnar digits after throwing. Examination reveals a positive Adson's test and reproduction of symptoms with hyperabduction. If neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome is confirmed, the neurovascular bundle is most commonly compressed between which structures?

A 28-year-old female overhead athlete complains of vague pain, numbness, and tingling in her medial forearm and fourth and fifth digits. Symptoms are exacerbated by overhead activities. Provocative maneuvers such as the Roos stress test and Adson's test are positive. Which anatomical structure is most frequently responsible for this specific pattern of neural compression?

Weakness is not seen with root avulsion in the:

The thoracic outlet syndrome is characterized by:

Weakness of which of the following muscles is not seen with root avulsion:

The patient's symptoms fail to improve after 6 months of conservative management. Radiographs and a three-dimensional CT scan were obtained, revealing an anterior “horn-like” projection at the superomedial angle of the scapula. Surgical intervention is planned using a modified mini-open approach with arthroscopy-assisted bursectomy. Portals are placed 3 cm medial to the medial scapular border.

Which structure(s) are avoided with this portal placement?

A superomedial scapular resection as well as bursectomy is performed. While dissecting laterally, the suprascapular notch becomes visible in the operative field. What structure runs superficial to the transverse scapular ligament?

Considering the patient's age (45-year-old) and high functional demands, the orthopedic surgeon decides on open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with a locking plate. Which of the following is a primary rationale for recommending surgical intervention over non-operative management in this specific patient, as discussed in the case?

A 55-year-old female presents with lateral scapular winging three weeks after undergoing a lymph node biopsy in the posterior triangle of her neck. She has difficulty elevating her arm above 90 degrees. Which nerve was most likely injured during the procedure?

A 48-year-old female with insulin-dependent diabetes presents with a 4-month history of insidious onset right shoulder stiffness and pain. Radiographs are normal. Which physical examination finding is the hallmark diagnostic sign of adhesive capsulitis?