6. Spine MCQs

Which of the following spinopelvic profiles is most classically associated with the development and progression of high-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis (e.g., L5-S1) in an adolescent?

A patient develops Proximal Junctional Kyphosis (PJK) following a T10 to pelvis posterior spinal fusion. Which of the following factors most significantly increases the risk of developing PJK?

In an asymptomatic adult with a normal spine, the C7 plumb line (Sagittal Vertical Axis) should ideally fall within what distance relative to the posterior superior corner of the S1 endplate?

A 70-year-old male presents with severe leaning forward. You measure his T1 Pelvic Angle (T1PA). Which of the following best describes the advantage of using T1PA over Sagittal Vertical Axis (SVA) in assessing global spinal alignment?

A normal aging spine typically undergoes which of the following combined sagittal plane changes over time?

When evaluating cervical spine sagittal balance, the Cervical Sagittal Vertical Axis (cSVA) is typically measured as the distance between the C2 plumb line and the:

A 16-year-old male is evaluated for hyperkyphosis. Radiographs reveal anterior wedging of 6 degrees at T7, T8, and T9. What is the most likely diagnosis based on Sorensen's criteria?

Which of the following describes the mathematical relationship between pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), and sacral slope (SS)?

In an aging patient developing progressive sagittal imbalance (positive sagittal vertical axis), which of the following is the primary initial compensatory mechanism at the pelvis?

According to the SRS-Schwab adult spinal deformity classification, an ideal post-operative alignment goal for the relationship between Pelvic Incidence (PI) and Lumbar Lordosis (LL) is:

In a normal standing adult with balanced sagittal alignment, which vertebra typically has its endplates perfectly parallel to the floor?

Which parameter in the cervical spine is considered the morphological equivalent of pelvic incidence and remains constant regardless of patient positioning?

Sorensen's criteria for the radiographic diagnosis of Scheuermann's disease requires anterior wedging of at least 5 degrees in how many consecutive vertebrae?

Which pelvic parameter is typically significantly elevated in patients with high-grade dysplastic spondylolisthesis compared to the normal population?

Which of the following congenital spinal anomalies has the highest risk of rapid curve progression?

A 65-year-old female undergoes T10-pelvis fusion for adult spinal deformity. Six months later, she develops Proximal Junctional Kyphosis (PJK). By definition, the proximal junctional sagittal angle must be at least:

A patient with ankylosing spondylitis requires a pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) for severe chin-on-chest deformity. A single-level lumbar PSO typically provides approximately how many degrees of sagittal correction?

With normal aging, which of the following sequences best represents the typical cascade of sagittal spinal alignment changes?

The Sagittal Vertical Axis (SVA) is a key metric in evaluating global spinal alignment. It is measured as the horizontal distance between a plumb line dropped from the center of C7 and which anatomical landmark?

When a healthy individual transitions from a standing to a seated position, how do the pelvic parameters normally adjust?