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5. Sports Medicine MCQs

Practice Set 179 of 360

This practice set contains high-yield board review questions covering key concepts in 5. Sports Medicine. Each clinical scenario is designed to test your diagnostic and management skills relevant to this subspecialty.

Question 3561

Topic: Knee Sports

The popliteus tendon inserts on the lateral femoral condyle. Relative to the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) insertion on the femur, where is the femoral footprint of the popliteus tendon located?

. Proximal and posterior
. Proximal and anterior
. Distal and anterior
. Distal and posterior
. Directly posterior

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Proximal and posterior

Explanation

The popliteus tendon originates on the lateral femoral condyle distal and anterior to the femoral origin of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL). This anatomical relationship is critical during posterolateral corner reconstruction.

Question 3562

Topic: Shoulder & Hip Sports

A patient undergoes arthroscopic shoulder surgery for a biceps pulley lesion. The rotator interval is evaluated. Which of the following structures forms the inferior border of the rotator interval?

. Supraspinatus tendon
. Subscapularis tendon
. Coracohumeral ligament
. Middle glenohumeral ligament
. Superior glenohumeral ligament

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Supraspinatus tendon

Explanation

The rotator interval is bounded superiorly by the anterior margin of the supraspinatus, inferiorly by the superior margin of the subscapularis, and medially by the coracoid process. It contains the long head of the biceps tendon, SGHL, and coracohumeral ligament.

Question 3563

Topic: Shoulder & Hip Sports

A 28-year-old volleyball player develops an isolated paralytic ganglion cyst at the spinoglenoid notch. Physical examination is most likely to demonstrate which of the following isolated deficits?

. Weakness of external rotation with normal abduction
. Weakness of abduction with normal external rotation
. Weakness of both external rotation and abduction
. Sensory loss over the lateral aspect of the deltoid
. Sensory loss over the spine of the scapula

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Weakness of external rotation with normal abduction

Explanation

Compression of the suprascapular nerve at the spinoglenoid notch occurs distal to the motor branches supplying the supraspinatus. This results in isolated weakness of the infraspinatus, causing an external rotation deficit with preserved abduction.

Question 3564

Topic: Shoulder & Hip Sports

A weightlifter presents with vague posterior shoulder pain and selective atrophy of the teres minor muscle on MRI. Compression of the axillary nerve in the quadrilateral space is diagnosed. What are the superior and inferior muscular borders of this space?

. Superior: Teres major; Inferior: Teres minor
. Superior: Teres minor; Inferior: Teres major
. Superior: Subscapularis; Inferior: Latissimus dorsi
. Superior: Supraspinatus; Inferior: Teres minor
. Superior: Infraspinatus; Inferior: Teres major

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Superior: Teres major; Inferior: Teres minor

Explanation

The quadrilateral space is bounded superiorly by the teres minor, inferiorly by the teres major, medially by the long head of the triceps, and laterally by the surgical neck of the humerus.

Question 3565

Topic: Shoulder & Hip Sports

Based on the diagram shown in Figure 16, what muscle derives its innervation from the nerve identified by the letter "A"?

. Pectoralis minor
. Teres minor
. Subclavius
. Brachialis
. Supraspinatus

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Pectoralis minor

Explanation

The nerve labeled A is the axillary nerve, a branch from the posterior cord. The posterior cord innervates the subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, teres major and minor, deltoid, triceps, anconeus, brachioradialis, and extensors of the forearm. The axillary nerve innervates the teres minor and deltoid. The pectoralis minor is innervated by the medial cord. The supraspinatus and the subclavius are innervated by the superior trunk. The brachialis is innervated by the lateral cord. Moore K: Anatomy, ed 3. Philadelphia, PA, Williams and Wilkins, 1992.

Question 3566

Topic: Knee Sports

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is composed of two functional bundles named for their tibial insertion sites. Which of the following statements regarding the anteromedial (AM) bundle is correct?

. It is tightest in full extension
. It primarily controls rotatory stability
. It is tightest in flexion
. It originates anterior to the posterolateral bundle on the femur
. It inserts posterior to the posterolateral bundle on the tibia

Correct Answer & Explanation

. It is tightest in full extension

Explanation

The anteromedial (AM) bundle of the ACL is tightest in flexion and is the primary restraint to anterior tibial translation. The posterolateral (PL) bundle is tightest in extension and primarily controls rotatory stability.

Question 3567

Topic: Knee Sports

A patient sustains an injury to the posterolateral corner of the knee. The popliteofibular ligament is identified as a critical stabilizer. From which structure does it anatomically originate?

. Lateral femoral epicondyle
. Fibular head
. Popliteus musculotendinous junction
. Lateral meniscus
. Gerdy's tubercle

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Lateral femoral epicondyle

Explanation

The popliteofibular ligament is a static stabilizer of the posterolateral corner. It originates from the musculotendinous junction of the popliteus and inserts onto the posteromedial aspect of the fibular styloid.

Question 3568

Topic: Shoulder & Hip Sports

The rotator interval is a critical anatomical space in the anterior shoulder. Which of the following structures is NOT considered a border or content of the rotator interval?

. Supraspinatus tendon
. Subscapularis tendon
. Coracohumeral ligament
. Teres minor tendon
. Superior glenohumeral ligament

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Supraspinatus tendon

Explanation

The rotator interval is bordered by the supraspinatus superiorly and the subscapularis inferiorly. It contains the long head of the biceps tendon, the coracohumeral ligament, and the superior glenohumeral ligament.

Question 3569

Topic: Shoulder & Hip Sports

Entrapment of the suprascapular nerve at the spinoglenoid notch, often due to a paralabral cyst, typically results in isolated weakness of which muscle?

. Supraspinatus
. Infraspinatus
. Teres minor
. Subscapularis
. Deltoid

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Supraspinatus

Explanation

The suprascapular nerve innervates the supraspinatus before passing through the spinoglenoid notch. Entrapment at the spinoglenoid notch therefore causes isolated denervation and weakness of the infraspinatus.

Question 3570

Topic: Shoulder & Hip Sports

The quadrilateral space of the shoulder transmits the axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery.

Which muscle defines the superior boundary of this space?

. Teres major
. Teres minor
. Long head of the triceps
. Surgical neck of the humerus
. Subscapularis

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Teres major

Explanation

The quadrilateral space is bordered superiorly by the teres minor, inferiorly by the teres major, medially by the long head of the triceps, and laterally by the surgical neck of the humerus.

Question 3571

Topic: Knee Sports

The popliteus tendon is a critical component of the posterolateral corner of the knee. In relation to the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) footprint, where does the popliteus tendon insert on the lateral femoral condyle?

. Anterior and inferior
. Posterior and inferior
. Anterior and superior
. Posterior and superior
. Directly medial

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Anterior and inferior

Explanation

The femoral insertion of the popliteus tendon is located anterior and inferior to the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) origin on the lateral femoral condyle. Understanding this anatomy is essential for anatomic posterolateral corner reconstructions.

Question 3572

Topic: Shoulder & Hip Sports

The subscapularis muscle is a crucial dynamic anterior stabilizer of the glenohumeral joint. What is its primary bony footprint insertion site?

. Greater tuberosity
. Lesser tuberosity
. Bicipital groove
. Coracoid process
. Infraglenoid tubercle

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Greater tuberosity

Explanation

The subscapularis tendon inserts primarily onto the lesser tuberosity of the proximal humerus. It acts as the primary internal rotator of the shoulder and provides critical anterior joint stability.

Question 3573

Topic: Knee Sports

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) consists of two main functional bundles. During knee flexion, which bundle is tightest and what is its primary stabilizing function?

. Anteromedial bundle; resists varus rotation
. Anteromedial bundle; resists anterior tibial translation
. Posterolateral bundle; resists anterior tibial translation
. Posterolateral bundle; resists posterior tibial translation
. Both bundles are equally isometric throughout the arc of motion

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Anteromedial bundle; resists varus rotation

Explanation

The anteromedial (AM) bundle of the ACL is tightest in knee flexion and provides the primary restraint to anterior tibial translation. The posterolateral (PL) bundle is tightest in extension and resists rotatory loads.

Question 3574

Topic: Knee Sports

In reconstructing the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee, identifying anatomic landmarks is critical. On the lateral femoral condyle, where is the popliteus tendon attachment located relative to the fibular collateral ligament (FCL) origin?

. Proximal and posterior
. Proximal and anterior
. Distal and anterior
. Distal and posterior
. Directly posterior

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Proximal and posterior

Explanation

On the lateral femoral condyle, the popliteus tendon inserts into a sulcus that is located distal and anterior to the origin of the fibular collateral ligament. This precise anatomical relationship is critical for isometric PLC reconstructions.

Question 3575

Topic: 5. Sports Medicine

When establishing a posteromedial portal for knee arthroscopy to address a posterior horn medial meniscus tear, which anatomical structure is at greatest risk of iatrogenic injury during portal creation?

. Common peroneal nerve
. Sural nerve
. Saphenous nerve
. Popliteal artery
. Medial superior genicular artery

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Common peroneal nerve

Explanation

The saphenous nerve and great saphenous vein are located superficially in the posteromedial aspect of the knee. The posteromedial portal must be made carefully under direct visualization to avoid injuring these structures.

Question 3576

Topic: Knee Sports

During an anatomic reconstruction of the posterolateral corner of the knee, the surgeon must accurately identify the fibular insertion of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL). Where does the LCL insert relative to the popliteofibular ligament (PFL)?

. Anterior and distal to the PFL
. Posterior and proximal to the PFL
. Medial to the PFL
. Directly superior to the PFL
. Directly inferior to the PFL

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Anterior and distal to the PFL

Explanation

On the fibular head, the LCL inserts accurately into a footprint that is situated anterior and distal to the insertion of the popliteofibular ligament (PFL) and the biceps femoris tendon.

Question 3577

Topic: 5. Sports Medicine

Anterocentral portals for ankle arthroscopy are generally avoided due to the high risk of iatrogenic injury to which critical anatomical structure?

. Superficial peroneal nerve
. Deep peroneal nerve
. Sural nerve
. Saphenous nerve
. Tibialis anterior tendon

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Superficial peroneal nerve

Explanation

The anterocentral portal is located centrally over the ankle joint and places the deep peroneal nerve and the dorsalis pedis artery at high risk of injury, hence it is rarely utilized.

Question 3578

Topic: Knee Sports

A patient presents with isolated varus instability at 30 degrees of knee flexion, but the knee is stable to varus stress at 0 degrees. Which of the following structures is the primary restraint to varus stress at 30 degrees of knee flexion?

. Anterior cruciate ligament
. Posterior cruciate ligament
. Fibular collateral ligament
. Popliteus tendon
. Iliotibial band

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Anterior cruciate ligament

Explanation

The fibular collateral ligament (LCL) is the primary restraint to varus stress at 30 degrees of knee flexion. Varus instability at both 0 and 30 degrees typically indicates combined LCL and cruciate ligament injury.

Question 3579

Topic: Knee Sports

An 18-year-old athlete sustains a multi-ligamentous knee injury, including the posterolateral corner (PLC). During reconstruction, the surgeon must identify the femoral footprint of the popliteus tendon. Where is this footprint located relative to the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) attachment?

. Proximal and posterior
. Proximal and anterior
. Distal and posterior
. Distal and anterior
. Directly medial

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Proximal and posterior

Explanation

On the lateral femoral condyle, the popliteus tendon footprint is located approximately 18.5 mm distal and anterior to the lateral epicondyle. The LCL attaches slightly proximal and posterior to the epicondyle. Correct anatomical placement is essential for restoring PLC biomechanics.

Question 3580

Topic: Shoulder & Hip Sports

A 22-year-old collegiate volleyball player presents with isolated weakness in shoulder external rotation. Shoulder abduction and internal rotation are full strength. There is isolated atrophy of the infraspinatus fossa. Where is the most likely site of nerve compression?

. Suprascapular notch
. Quadrangular space
. Spinoglenoid notch
. Triangular interval
. Coracoid process

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Suprascapular notch

Explanation

Compression of the suprascapular nerve at the spinoglenoid notch selectively denervates the infraspinatus. Compression at the suprascapular notch would affect both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus.

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