Shoulder & Hip Sports MCQs

A 21-year-old collegiate rugby player is undergoing a Latarjet procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder instability. The coracoid process is osteotomized and transferred to the anterior glenoid neck. Which of the following structures creates the 'sling effect' that provides dynamic stability in this procedure?

A 29-year-old elite volleyball player presents with insidious onset of posterior right shoulder pain and weakness. On physical examination, there is noticeable atrophy of the infraspinatus muscle fossa, but the bulk of the supraspinatus is normal. She demonstrates significant weakness in external rotation, while her abduction strength is fully preserved. Which of the following is the most likely anatomic location of the nerve compression?

A 22-year-old collegiate baseball pitcher presents with vague posterior shoulder pain during the late cocking and early acceleration phases of throwing. Examination reveals a 25-degree Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD) compared to the non-throwing shoulder, and positive apprehension. MRI arthrography demonstrates a posterosuperior labral tear and a partial articular-sided supraspinatus tendon avulsion (PASTA) lesion. Which of the following pathophysiologic mechanisms is most directly responsible for this specific cascade of pathology?

A 42-year-old recreational tennis player has persistent, severe anterior shoulder pain. Nonoperative management, including physical therapy and injections, has failed. MRI arthrogram reveals a Type II SLAP tear. Diagnostic arthroscopy confirms a detached superior labrum and an unstable biceps anchor. Based on current orthopedic literature, what is the best management strategy for this patient?

A 22-year-old collegiate rugby player presents with recurrent anterior shoulder instability. He has had four anterior dislocations over the past season. A 3D-CT scan reveals 25% anterior glenoid bone loss, and MRI shows an engaging Hill-Sachs lesion. What is the most appropriate surgical management?

A 27-year-old professional volleyball player presents with an insidious onset of right shoulder pain and weakness. Physical examination reveals isolated atrophy of the infraspinatus with profound weakness in external rotation, while abduction strength is completely normal. MRI of the shoulder is most likely to show a paralabral cyst in which of the following locations, and what labral pathology is typically associated with this finding?

A 40-year-old man presents with sudden, severe, non-traumatic right shoulder pain that awakened him from sleep. The severe pain persisted for 2 weeks and has now begun to rapidly subside; however, he has noticed profound weakness in overhead activities. Examination reveals significant atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus. Passive shoulder range of motion is full and painless. MRI of the shoulder and cervical spine are unremarkable. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 55-year-old man presents with chronic anterior shoulder pain and weakness. On physical examination, he demonstrates increased passive external rotation compared to the contralateral side. He tests positive for both the lift-off and belly-press tests. An MRI demonstrates a complete, retracted tear of the subscapularis tendon. Which of the following structures is most likely to be concomitantly injured or destabilized in this patient?

A 28-year-old male professional volleyball player presents with progressive right shoulder weakness and vague posterior shoulder pain. Examination reveals visible atrophy of the infraspinatus fossa but normal bulk of the supraspinatus. He has isolated weakness in external rotation with the arm at his side. Forward elevation and abduction strength are normal. An MRI of the shoulder is most likely to show a paralabral cyst in which of the following locations?

A 45-year-old male presents with persistent anterior shoulder pain, particularly with overhead activities and internal rotation against resistance. On examination, he has tenderness over the bicipital groove and a positive Speed's test. During arthroscopy, the surgeon notes fraying of the superior labrum extending into the biceps anchor. Which structure forms the inferior border of the rotator cuff interval?

A patient presents with shoulder weakness, specifically difficulty with abduction and external rotation. MRI reveals denervation changes in the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. Which anatomical structure is most commonly implicated in compression of the nerve supplying these muscles?

A patient undergoes arthroscopic shoulder repair for a superior labrum anterior-posterior (SLAP) tear. Which structure constitutes the primary anatomical landmark for the superior labrum and provides an anchor for the long head of the biceps tendon?

A patient presents with shoulder pain and weakness, particularly with external rotation. MRI reveals a tear in the teres minor muscle. The teres minor is innervated by a branch of which nerve, as it passes through a specific anatomical space?

A 28-year-old male undergoes surgical hip dislocation for the treatment of severe femoroacetabular impingement. To safely dislocate the hip while preserving the primary blood supply to the femoral head, a trochanteric flip osteotomy is performed. During the approach, the main branch of the medial femoral circumflex artery (MFCA) must be protected. This critical vessel is consistently found coursing between which two structures before it pierces the hip capsule?

A 28-year-old overhead athlete presents with chronic posterior shoulder pain. Physical examination reveals isolated weakness in external rotation with the arm at the side, but normal shoulder abduction strength. MRI demonstrates a paralabral cyst causing nerve compression. At which of the following anatomical locations is the cyst most likely situated?

A 28-year-old overhead athlete presents with poorly localized posterior shoulder pain and paresthesias over the lateral deltoid. MRI reveals isolated atrophy of the teres minor. Compression of the involved nerve typically occurs within a space bounded by which of the following anatomic structures?

During a Latarjet procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder instability, the conjoined tendon is identified and retracted medially to access the subscapularis. At what average distance distal to the tip of the coracoid process does the musculocutaneous nerve penetrate the coracobrachialis muscle, placing it at risk during vigorous distal or medial retraction?

A 31-year-old elite volleyball player is diagnosed with a paralabral cyst causing a compression neuropathy at the spinoglenoid notch. Which of the following clinical and anatomical findings is most specifically associated with nerve entrapment at this location?

A 31-year-old professional tennis player complains of chronic, aching posterior shoulder pain and significant weakness in external rotation. On physical examination, forward elevation and abduction strength are fully preserved (5/5). There is noticeable atrophy of the infraspinatus fossa, while the supraspinatus fossa appears completely normal. MRI reveals a multiloculated paralabral cyst. In which of the following anatomic locations is the cyst most likely compressing the affected nerve?

A patient presents with isolated weakness in shoulder abduction and external rotation, as well as numbness over the lateral deltoid, following a forceful posterior shoulder dislocation. An MRI reveals soft tissue entrapment in the quadrilateral space. Which of the following anatomical structures forms the superior boundary of the quadrilateral space?