Shoulder & Hip Sports MCQs

A 35-year-old male presents to the emergency department after a witnessed generalized tonic-clonic seizure. His shoulder is locked in internal rotation, and he has severe pain with attempted external rotation. Standard AP radiographs appear surprisingly normal. Which of the following represents the most likely pathognomonic lesion on advanced imaging or axillary radiograph?

A 26-year-old elite volleyball attacker presents with vague posterior shoulder pain and isolated weakness in external rotation. Active forward flexion and abduction are symmetric to the contralateral side. MRI demonstrates a paralabral cyst. At which of the following anatomic locations is the nerve compression most likely occurring?

Which of the following muscle pairings constitutes the primary transverse plane force couple responsible for maintaining the humeral head centered on the glenoid during active shoulder motion?

A 25-year-old male with recurrent anterior shoulder instability undergoes an MR arthrogram. The imaging shows extravasation of contrast inferiorly and a characteristic 'J-sign' of the axillary pouch, without a definitive Bankart lesion. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 52-year-old male trips and falls on an outstretched hand. He now presents with right shoulder pain and weakness. On examination, he has 20 degrees of increased passive external rotation compared to the left shoulder and a positive 'lift-off' test. Which structure is most likely injured?

A 17-year-old female gymnast complains of bilateral vague shoulder pain. Examination reveals a positive sulcus sign, extreme generalized ligamentous laxity (Beighton score 8/9), and apprehension with both anterior and posterior translation, but no history of acute dislocation. What is the initial treatment of choice?

A 60-year-old male with a massive, retracted, irreparable tear of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons presents with chronic pain and weakness. The subscapularis and deltoid are entirely intact, and there is no evidence of glenohumeral arthritis. He desires to improve his active external rotation. Which of the following tendon transfers is most appropriate?

A collegiate baseball pitcher presents with posterior shoulder pain. Examination reveals a 25-degree loss of internal rotation (GIRD) compared to the contralateral side. Pathologic GIRD is widely believed to be primarily driven by which of the following anatomic changes?

A 35-year-old male sustains a posterior shoulder dislocation. Post-reduction, he has isolated weakness of the deltoid and teres minor. The injured nerve exits the axilla through a space bounded by which of the following structures?

The rotator interval of the shoulder is a distinct anatomical space containing the long head of the biceps and the coracohumeral ligament. Which of the following structures forms the superior border of this interval?

A volleyball player presents with isolated weakness of external rotation of the shoulder. Atrophy is noted only in the infraspinatus fossa. The suprascapular nerve is likely entrapped at which anatomical location?

A 31-year-old elite volleyball attacker presents with isolated weakness in shoulder external rotation. Abduction strength is normal, and there is visible atrophy of the infraspinatus without supraspinatus involvement. An MRI reveals a paralabral cyst compressing a nerve. At which precise anatomical location is the compression occurring?

During a posterior approach to the shoulder, the quadrilateral space is identified to locate the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery. Which muscle serves as the inferior border of this anatomical space?

In a massive rotator cuff tear involving the subscapularis and supraspinatus, the biceps tendon is noted to be unstable. Which anatomical structures form the medial and lateral borders of the rotator interval that typically stabilize the long head of the biceps?

A 28-year-old overhead athlete presents with poorly localized posterior shoulder pain and paresthesias over the lateral deltoid. MRI shows isolated atrophy of the teres minor muscle. Which of the following anatomic boundaries define the space where the affected nerve is most likely compressed?

A 30-year-old volleyball player complains of vague posterior shoulder pain and isolated weakness in external rotation. Examination reveals profound atrophy of the infraspinatus but normal bulk and strength of the supraspinatus. Entrapment of the involved nerve is most likely caused by a paralabral cyst located at which of the following anatomic structures?

During a SLAP (Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior) repair, the surgeon focuses on the attachment of the long head of the biceps tendon. The long head of the biceps tendon originates from the supraglenoid tubercle and which of the following structures?

A 45-year-old overhead athlete presents with isolated weakness in external rotation of the shoulder. Electromyography reveals denervation of the infraspinatus with a normal supraspinatus. Where is the most likely anatomic site of nerve entrapment?

The upper and lower subscapular nerves provide critical motor innervation to the subscapularis muscle. These nerves originate from which specific portion of the brachial plexus?