Shoulder & Hip Sports MCQs

During a posterior approach to the shoulder (Judson approach) for the treatment of a posterior glenoid fracture, the surgeon develops the primary internervous plane. Which of the following defines the muscles and their respective innervations that form this boundary?

The subscapularis muscle is unique among the rotator cuff muscles due to its dual innervation. Which of the following nerves provides innervation to the inferior portion of the subscapularis?

A 25-year-old male is undergoing an open Latarjet procedure. During the approach, the surgeon must identify and protect the musculocutaneous nerve. What is the classic anatomic relationship of the musculocutaneous nerve to the coracoid process?

A 25-year-old male sustains a posterior shoulder dislocation resulting in isolated weakness in external rotation and a sensory deficit over the lateral deltoid. Which of the following defines the borders of the anatomic space through which the injured nerve passes?

During a Latarjet procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder instability with significant glenoid bone loss, the coracoid process is transferred to the anterior glenoid.

Which nerve is at greatest risk of iatrogenic injury during the medial retraction of the conjoined tendon and subsequent screw fixation?

A 22-year-old hockey player presents with anterior groin pain exacerbated by hip flexion and internal rotation. Imaging reveals Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).

During hip arthroscopy, which of the following intra-articular pathologic findings is most commonly associated with isolated Cam impingement?

A 35-year-old overhead athlete presents with posterior shoulder pain and profound weakness in external rotation. An MRI reveals a paralabral cyst in the spinoglenoid notch.

Which physical exam finding and associated intra-articular pathology is most likely present?

A 65-year-old manual laborer presents with a massive, irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tear (supraspinatus and infraspinatus) with an intact subscapularis and functional deltoid. He lacks active external rotation (positive hornblower's sign). Which tendon transfer is most biomechanically appropriate to restore external rotation in this patient?

A 60-year-old female presents with lateral hip pain that radiates down her lateral thigh. She reports pain when rising from a seated position and lying on the affected side. On exam, she has a positive Trendelenburg sign and weakness in hip abduction. Trochanteric bursitis treatments have failed. MRI reveals a full-thickness tear of the gluteus medius tendon. At which anatomic footprint does this tendon most commonly tear?

A 22-year-old professional baseball pitcher presents with posterior shoulder pain. On exam, he has a 25-degree deficit in glenohumeral internal rotation (GIRD) compared to his non-throwing arm, but total arc of motion is equal bilaterally. When his shoulder is placed in 90 degrees of abduction and maximal external rotation, he complains of deep posterior pain. What is the classic pathoanatomic finding on arthroscopy for 'Internal Impingement' in this population?

A 34-year-old recreational weightlifter presents with severe shoulder pain and inability to actively internally rotate the shoulder after a forceful extension injury. On exam, he has increased passive external rotation compared to the normal side and a positive 'lift-off' test. An MRI confirms an isolated subscapularis tendon rupture. Which accompanying pathology is most frequently associated with a complete rupture of the upper subscapularis?

A 29-year-old professional volleyball player complains of isolated, painless weakness of the throwing arm. On physical examination, she demonstrates marked weakness in active external rotation with the arm at the side, but normal internal rotation, normal abduction, and no sensory deficits. An MRI is performed. What is the most likely pathological finding?

A 19-year-old dancer presents with a painful snapping sensation in her anterior hip when extending her hip from a flexed, abducted, and externally rotated position. An ultrasound demonstrates the iliopsoas tendon snapping over a bony prominence. What is the most common anatomic structure over which the iliopsoas snaps in 'Internal Snapping Hip' (Coxa Saltans Interna)?

A 22-year-old professional baseball pitcher presents with posterior shoulder pain. Physical examination demonstrates Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD) with internal rotation decreased by 25 degrees and the total arc of motion decreased by 15 degrees compared to the non-throwing shoulder. What is the primary pathophysiological driver of this true pathologic GIRD?

A 25-year-old hockey player presents with chronic groin pain exacerbated by hip flexion, adduction, and internal rotation. Radiographs reveal an alpha angle of 65 degrees. He is diagnosed with Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) and undergoes hip arthroscopy for cam lesion resection. A cam lesion most commonly occurs at which location on the proximal femur?

A 50-year-old female marathon runner complains of recalcitrant lateral hip pain. Physical examination demonstrates a positive Trendelenburg sign. MRI confirms a full-thickness tear of the gluteus medius tendon. During an open repair, the surgeon isolates the primary footprint of the gluteus medius. This tendon inserts onto which specific facet(s) of the greater trochanter?

A 19-year-old ballet dancer complains of a painful popping sensation deep in her anterior hip when she extends her hip from a flexed, abducted, and externally rotated position. Dynamic ultrasound confirms internal coxa saltans. Which anatomical structures are mechanically interacting to cause this snapping?

A 22-year-old collegiate baseball pitcher complains of posterior shoulder pain during the late cocking phase of throwing. He exhibits increased external rotation and decreased internal rotation (GIRD) compared to the contralateral side. What is the primary pathophysiologic mechanism of this condition?

A 28-year-old professional volleyball player presents with vague posterior shoulder pain and weakness in external rotation. Examination reveals isolated atrophy of the infraspinatus muscle.

Where is the most likely site of neural compression?