Surgical Anatomy & Approaches MCQs

During a volar (Henry) approach to the radius, the surgeon develops the proximal internervous plane. Which of the following describes the correct muscles and their respective innervations for this plane?

The deltopectoral approach to the shoulder utilizes a true internervous plane. Between which two muscles is this plane located?

The radial nerve is highly susceptible to injury as it passes through the spiral groove of the humerus. Which vascular structure accompanies the radial nerve in this groove?

In evaluating a brachial plexus injury, knowledge of the cord formations is critical. The posterior cord is formed by the union of which of the following?

Which of the following defines the correct origins of the femoral nerve within the lumbar plexus?

During surgical approach to the medial elbow, the flexor-pronator mass is encountered originating from the medial epicondyle. Which muscle has the most proximal and lateral origin on the medial epicondyle?

The sciatic nerve typically divides into the tibial and common peroneal nerves in the distal thigh. Which of the following describes the embryologic origins of these two divisions from the sacral plexus?

A 28-year-old overhead athlete presents with insidious onset of posterior shoulder pain and weakness in external rotation. An MRI reveals isolated atrophy of the teres minor. Compression of which nerve in the quadrilateral space is most likely responsible?

During an anterior intrapelvic (modified Stoppa) approach to the acetabulum, brisk arterial bleeding is encountered near the superior pubic ramus. This is most likely due to injury to an anastomosis between which two vascular systems?

A 28-year-old overhead athlete presents with posterior shoulder pain and weakness in external rotation. An MRI shows atrophy of the teres minor. Entrapment of the axillary nerve in the quadrilateral space is suspected. Which of the following structures forms the superior boundary of this space?

A 30-year-old motorcyclist sustains a traction injury to the upper trunk of his brachial plexus (C5-C6). Which of the following terminal nerve branches is derived exclusively from the lateral cord?

A 65-year-old patient is undergoing a total hip arthroplasty via the anterior (Smith-Petersen) approach. Which of the following capsular ligaments is the strongest in the body and acts as the primary restraint to hip hyperextension?

A 24-year-old pitcher experiences posterior shoulder pain and isolated weakness in external rotation. An MRI reveals a paralabral cyst compressing a nerve within the quadrangular space. Which of the following structures forms the superior border of this space?

In a patient presenting with buttock pain radiating down the posterior thigh, an MRI reveals an anatomic variant where the common peroneal division of the sciatic nerve passes directly through the piriformis muscle, while the tibial division passes below it. What is the approximate prevalence of this anatomic variant?

A patient presents with an inability to actively extend the knee and numbness over the anterior thigh and medial calf following a retroperitoneal hematoma. The affected nerve is formed by the posterior divisions of which anterior rami?

During a posterolateral approach to the distal humerus, the surgeon identifies the radial nerve as it pierces the lateral intermuscular septum. At approximately what distance proximal to the radiocapitellar joint does this occur?

Which of the following structures forms the medial border of the quadrangular space in the posterior shoulder?

In an anterior pelvic ring injury requiring internal fixation, the surgeon must be mindful of the "corona mortis". This vascular structure represents an anastomosis between the obturator vessels and branches of which of the following?

During a volar Henry approach to the forearm, the surgeon needs to expose the proximal radius. Pronation of the forearm protects the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN). The PIN passes between the two heads of which muscle?

A patient undergoes a total hip arthroplasty via a direct anterior approach. The surgeon utilizes the true internervous plane between the tensor fasciae latae and the sartorius. Which nerve supplies the tensor fasciae latae?