Epidemiology

Mastering the Management of Scaphoid Fractures: Understanding Classification, Treatment, and Complications

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Orthopedic MD Oral Examination:Management of Proximal Humerus Fracture

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Orthopedic MD Oral Examination: Diagnosis and Management of Humeral Shaft Fractures

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Managing Mid-shaft Clavicle Fracture: A Comprehensive Guide

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Proximal Humerus Fractures: Epidemiology, Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Learn about proximal humerus fractures, their prevalence, causes, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. Find information on epidemiology, etiology, and more. Introduction: Proximal humerus fractures are a common type of fracture, particularly among older individuals with osteoporotic

Proximal Humerus Fractures: Epidemiology, Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Scapula Fractures: Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

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Distal Clavicle Fractures: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Complications

Distal Clavicle Fractures: Diagnosis, Treatment, and ComplicationsDistal Clavicle FracturesDistal clavicle fractures are traumatic injuries caused by direct trauma to the shoulder and are most common in older or osteoporotic patients. Diagnosis is confirmed with standard shoulder radiographs and

Tibial Plateau Fractures: Basic Anatomy, Mechanism, Treatment, and Complications

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Tibial Plateau Fracture: Basic Anatomy, Treatment, and Complications

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Tibial Plateau Fractures: Anatomy, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Understanding Femoral Shaft Fractures: Anatomy, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Biomechanics and Treatment of Femoral Shaft Fractures

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Diaphyseal Tibial Fractures: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis

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Acetabulum Fractures: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis

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Understanding Scaphoid Fracture: Diagnosis, Classification, and Treatment Options

Scaphoid fracture is the most common carpal bone fracture, which occurs when the wrist is forcefully dorsiflexed, pronated, and ulnarly deviated. It is most common in the third decade of life, and the waist of the scaphoid is the most common location for the fracture. The diagnosis of scaphoid

Acromioclavicular Joint Injury: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury is a common shoulder injury that occurs when the ligaments that connect the collarbone (clavicle) to the shoulder blade (scapula) are damaged or torn. This can cause pain, swelling, and reduced range of motion in the affected shoulder. In this article, we will

Clavicle Fractures: Epidemiology, Anatomy, and Treatment Options

Clavicle fractures are common injuries that affect the collarbone, which connects the shoulder to the chest. They can cause pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the affected arm. In this article, we will discuss the epidemiology, anatomy, and treatment options for clavicle

全髋关节置换术后为何发生脱位？如何预防及处理？

全髋关节置换术后为何发生脱位？如何预防及处理？全髋关节置换术（totalhip

Clavicle Fractures

  Clavicle Fractures EPIDEMIOLOGY Clavicle fractures account for approximately 2.6% of all fractures and for 44% to 66% of fractures about the shoulder. Middle third fractures account for 80% of all clavicle fractures, whereas fractures of the

AXIAL SKELETON FRACTURES General Spine

EPIDEMIOLOGY There are approximately 12,000 new spinal cord injuries requiring treatment each year. Injury to the vertebral column occurs much less frequently than injury to the appendicular skeleton, and vertebral column fractures account for approximately 6% of all fractures. Fifteen

SCAPHOID FRACTURE

Perioperative and Orthopaedic Medicine

Thromboprophylaxis&zwnj; Thromboembolic disease Common orthopaedic complication Thrombosis: clotting at improper site Embolism: clot that migrates Most clinically silent but can be

Minimally Invasive Anterolateral Approach to the Proximal Humerus: A Step-by-Step Guide

This article provides a detailed step-by-step guide to the minimally invasive anterolateral approach to the proximal humerus. The approach is used for the insertion of intramedullary nails for the treatment of acute humeral shaft fractures, pathologic humeral shaft fractures, and delayed union and

PEDIATRIC ANKLE AND FOOT Fractures and Dislocations

PEDIATRIC ANKLE EPIDEMIOLOGY Ankle injuries account for up to 18% of all physeal injuries; they are third in frequency following phalangeal and distal radius physeal injuries. Fifty-eight percent of ankle physeal injuries occur during athletic participation. They

PEDIATRIC TIBIA AND FIBULA Fractures

PEDIATRIC TIBIA AND FIBULA         EPIDEMIOLOGY Tibia fractures represent the third most common pediatric long bone fracture, after femur and forearm fractures. They represent 15% of pediatric fractures. The average age of

PEDIATRIC KNEE Fractures and Dislocations

PEDIATRIC KNEE         OVERVIEW The knee is a ginglymoid (hinge) joint consisting of three articulations: patellofemoral, tibiofemoral, and tibiofibular. Under normal cyclic loading, the knee may experience up to five times body

PEDIATRIC FEMORAL SHAFT and KNEE Fractures and Dislocations

PEDIATRIC FEMORAL SHAFT         EPIDEMIOLOGY Represent 1.6% of all fractures in the pediatric population. Males are more commonly affected at a ratio of 2.6:1. Bimodal distribution of incidence: The first peak is from 2 to 4 years

PEDIATRIC HIP Fractures and Dislocations

PEDIATRIC HIP         PEDIATRIC HIP FRACTURES Epidemiology Hip fractures are rare in children, occurring less than 1% as often as in adults. Anatomy Ossification (Fig. 47.1) Proximal femur: week 7 in

PEDIATRIC WRIST AND HAND Fractures and Dislocations

PEDIATRIC WRIST AND HAND       INJURIES TO THE CARPUS Epidemiology Rare, although carpal injuries may be underappreciated owing to difficulties in examining an injured child and the limited ability of plain radiographs

PEDIATRIC FOREARM Fractures and Dislocations

PEDIATRIC FOREARM         EPIDEMIOLOGY These injuries are very common. They make up 40% of all pediatric fractures (only 4% are diaphyseal fractures), with a 3:1 male predominance in distal radius fractures. Eighty percent occur in

PEDIATRIC ELBOW Fractures and Dislocations

PEDIATRIC ELBOW         EPIDEMIOLOGY Elbow fractures represent 8% to 9% of all upper extremity fractures in children. Of all elbow fractures, 85% occur at the distal humerus; 55% to 75% of these are supracondylar. Most occur in

PEDIATRIC SHOULDER Fractures and Dislocations

PEDIATRIC SHOULDER         PROXIMAL HUMERUS FRACTURES Epidemiology These account for <5% of fractures in children. Incidence ranges from 1.2 to 4.4 per 10,000 per year. They are most common in adolescents owing to increased

Pediatric Fractures and Dislocations

PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY: GENERAL PRINCIPLES             OVERVIEW The development and growth of the skeletal system from gestation to skeletal maturity create interrelated fibrous, tendinous, cartilaginous, and osseous changes

FRACTURES OF THE MIDFOOT AND FOREFOOT

FRACTURES OF THE MIDFOOT AND FOREFOOT             MIDTARSAL (CHOPART) JOINT Epidemiology Injuries to the midfoot are relatively rare. The annual incidence of midfoot fractures is 3.6 per 100,000 population per

TALUS Fractures

TALUS Fractures         EPIDEMIOLOGY These are second in frequency among all tarsal fractures. The incidence of fractures of the talus ranges from 0.1% to 0.85% of all fractures and 5% to 7% of foot injuries. Approximately 14% to

CALCANEUS FRACTURES

CALCANEUS FRACTURES         EPIDEMIOLOGY Calcaneus fractures account for approximately 1% to 2% of all fractures. The calcaneus, or os calcis, is the most frequently fractured tarsal bone. Represents 60% of all tarsal fractures

INJURIES ABOUT THE ANKLE

INJURIES ABOUT THE ANKLE         ROTATIONAL ANKLE FRACTURES Epidemiology Population-based studies suggest that the incidence of ankle fractures has increased dramatically since the early 1960s. The highest incidence of ankle fractures

TIBIA/FIBULA SHAFT Fractures

TIBIA/FIBULA SHAFT Fractures         EPIDEMIOLOGY Fractures of the tibia and fibula shaft are the most common long bone fractures. In an average population, there are about 26 tibial diaphyseal fractures per 100,000 population per

TIBIAL PLATEAU Fractures

TIBIAL PLATEAU Fractures         EPIDEMIOLOGY Tibial plateau fractures constitute 1% of all fractures and 8% of fractures in the elderly. Isolated injuries to the lateral plateau account for 55% to 70% of tibial plateau fractures, as

PATELLA AND EXTENSOR MECHANISM INJURIES

PATELLA AND EXTENSOR MECHANISM INJURIES             PATELLAR FRACTURES Epidemiology Represent 1% of all skeletal injuries Male-to-female ratio 2:1 Most common age group 20 to 50 years old Bilateral

KNEE DISLOCATION (FEMOROTIBIAL)

KNEE DISLOCATION (FEMOROTIBIAL)             EPIDEMIOLOGY Traumatic knee dislocation is an uncommon injury that may be limb threatening; it should therefore be treated as an orthopaedic emergency. True incidence is

DISTAL FEMUR Fractures

DISTAL FEMUR Fractures         EPIDEMIOLOGY Distal femoral fractures account for about 7% of all femur fractures. If hip fractures are excluded, one-third of femur fractures involve the distal portion. A bimodal age

FEMORAL SHAFT Fractures

FEMORAL SHAFT   Fractures     EPIDEMIOLOGY The highest age- and gender-specific incidences of femoral shaft fracture are seen in males from 15 to 24 years of age and in females 75 years of age or older. Femoral shaft fractures occur most

SUBTROCHANTERIC FRACTURES

SUBTROCHANTERIC FRACTURES             EPIDEMIOLOGY Subtrochanteric fractures account for approximately 10% to 30% of all hip fractures, and they can affect persons of all ages. There is a greater incidence of bimodal

INTERTROCHANTERIC FRACTURES

INTERTROCHANTERIC FRACTURES             EPIDEMIOLOGY Intertrochanteric fractures account for nearly 50% of all fractures of the proximal femur. There are approximately 150,000 intertrochanteric fractures annually in

FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES

FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES         EPIDEMIOLOGY More than 250,000 hip fractures occur in the United States each year (50% involve the femoral neck). This number is projected to double by the year 2050. Eighty percent occur in women. This

FEMORAL HEAD Fractures and Dislocations

FEMORAL HEAD         EPIDEMIOLOGY Almost all are associated with hip dislocations. These fractures complicate approximately 10% of posterior hip dislocations. Most are shear or cleavage type. Although, with the increased use of

HIP DISLOCATIONS

HIP DISLOCATIONS         EPIDEMIOLOGY Up to 50% of patients sustain concomitant fractures elsewhere at the time of hip dislocation. The majority of hip dislocations occur in 16- to 40-year-old males involved in motor vehicle

ACETABULUM Fractures and Dislocations

ACETABULUM         EPIDEMIOLOGY The incidence of acetabular fractures is 3 per 100,000 population per year. Neurologic injuries occur in up to 30% of cases and are usually partial injuries to the sciatic nerve, with the peroneal division

PELVIS Fractures and Dislocations

PELVIS Fractures and Dislocations EPIDEMIOLOGY The incidence of pelvic fractures in the United States has been estimated to be 37 cases per 100,000 population per year. In persons younger than 35 years, males sustain more pelvic fractures than females; in persons older than 35

STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT INJURY

STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT INJURY Epidemiology Injuries to the sternoclavicular (SC) joint are rare; Cave et al. reported that of 1,603 shoulder girdle dislocations, only 3% were SC, with 85% glenohumeral and 12% AC dislocations. Approximately 80% of dislocations of the SC

HAND INJURIES

HAND INJURIES         EPIDEMIOLOGY Metacarpal and phalangeal fractures are common, comprising 10% of all fractures; >50% of these are work related. The 1998 United States National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey found

WRIST INJURIES

WRIST INJURIES         EPIDEMIOLOGY The annual incidence of carpal fractures in the United States was reported at more than 678,000 in 1995. Seven percent of distal radius fractures have an associated carpal fracture. Carpal

DISTAL RADIUS FRACTURES

DISTAL RADIUS FRACTURES         EPIDEMIOLOGY Distal radius fractures are among the most common fractures of the upper extremity. More than 650,000 occur annually in the United States. Fractures of

RADIUS AND ULNA SHAFT FRACTURES

RADIUS AND ULNA SHAFT FRACTURES         EPIDEMIOLOGY Forearm fractures are more common in men than women, secondary to the higher incidence in men of motor vehicle collisions (MVC) and motorcycle accidents (MCA), contact athletic

RADIAL HEAD FRACTURES

RADIAL HEAD FRACTURES         EPIDEMIOLOGY Radial head fractures account for 1.7% to 5.4% of all fractures, and one-third of all elbow fractures. One-third of patients have associated injuries such as fracture or ligamentous damage of

OLECRANON FRACTURES

OLECRANON FRACTURES         EPIDEMIOLOGY Bimodal distribution, with younger individuals sustaining an olecranon fracture as a result of high-energy trauma and older individuals as a result of a simple fall. Incidence in the adult

ELBOW DISLOCATION

ELBOW DISLOCATION         EPIDEMIOLOGY Elbow dislocation accounts for 11% to 28% of elbow injuries. Posterior dislocation is most common, accounting for 80% to 90% of all elbow dislocations. Annual incidence of elbow dislocations

DISTAL HUMERUS fractures

DISTAL HUMERUS fractures         EPIDEMIOLOGY This is a relatively uncommon injury, comprising approximately 2% of all fractures and one-third of all humerus fractures. Incidence of distal humerus fractures in adults is 5.7 per

HUMERAL SHAFT FRACTURES

HUMERAL SHAFT FRACTURES         EPIDEMIOLOGY It is a common injury, representing 3% to 5% of all fractures. Incidence is 14.5 per 100,000 per year. Two percent to 10% are open fractures. Sixty percent involve middle third,

PROXIMAL HUMERUS FRACTURES

PROXIMAL HUMERUS FRACTURES             EPIDEMIOLOGY Proximal humerus fractures comprise 4% to 5% of all fractures and represent the most common humerus fracture (45%). The incidence is 300,000 per year (more common

GLENOHUMERAL DISLOCATION

GLENOHUMERAL DISLOCATION         EPIDEMIOLOGY The shoulder is the most commonly dislocated major joint of the body, accounting for up to 45% of dislocations. Anterior dislocations account for 96% of cases. Posterior dislocations, the

SCAPULA FRACTURES

SCAPULA FRACTURES         EPIDEMIOLOGY This relatively uncommon injury represents 3% to 5% of shoulder fractures and 0.4% to 1% of all fractures. The mean age of patients who sustain a scapula fracture is 35 to 45

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT INJURY

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR AND STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT INJURIES             ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT INJURY Epidemiology It is most common in the second decade of life, associated with contact athletic

CLAVICLE FRACTURES

CLAVICLE FRACTURES         EPIDEMIOLOGY Clavicle fractures account for approximately 2.6% of all fractures and for 44% to 66% of fractures about the shoulder. Middle third fractures account for 80% of all clavicle fractures,

THORACOLUMBAR SPINE Injuries

THORACOLUMBAR SPINE Injuries       EPIDEMIOLOGY Neurologic injury complicates 15% to 20% of fractures at the thoracolumbar level. Sixty-five

CERVICAL SPINE FRACTURE

CERVICAL SPINE         EPIDEMIOLOGY Cervical spine injuries usually occur secondary to high-energy mechanisms, including motor vehicle accidents (45%) and falls from a height (20%). Less commonly, cervical spine injuries occur during

Axial Skeleton Fractures GENERAL SPINE

GENERAL SPINE Axial Skeleton Fractures EPIDEMIOLOGY There are approximately 12,000 new spinal cord injuries requiring treatment each year. Injury to the vertebral column occurs much less frequently than injury to the appendicular skeleton, and vertebral column

PERIPROSTHETIC FRACTURES

PERIPROSTHETIC FRACTURES       TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY Femoral Shaft Fractures Epidemiology Intraoperative: There is a 0.3% up to 5% incidence overall, including cemented and uncemented

PERIPROSTHETIC FRACTURES

PERIPROSTHETIC FRACTURES         TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY Femoral Shaft Fractures Epidemiology Intraoperative: There is a 0.3% up to 5% incidence overall, including cemented and uncemented components. Postoperative: There

Sports Medicine CASES

CASE 1   A 22-year-old, female jogger presents complaining of right knee pain. She describes an insidious onset of her symptoms during the last 3 months. She enjoys running most days and is training for a five-mile road race. Recently, she has been running more and has added hill

FROM 10 TO 28 Sports Medicine CASES

CASE                               10

Periprosthetic Fractures After Total Hip Arthroplasty

Introduction                        Total hip replacement is extremely effective in relieving pain and restoring function in the diseased hip and is the second most common elective

Total Hip Arthroplasty in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Introduction                        Juvenile chronic arthritis was first described by George Still in 1897 to be separate from adult rheumatoid arthritis.1 The International League

Surgical Management of Proximal Fifth Metatarsal Fractures

DEFINITION The fifth metatarsal is the most frequently fractured metatarsal bone. Of these, proximal fractures are the most common.8 Proximal fifth metatarsal fractures are traditionally classified into three types, based on the zone or location of the fracture (FIG 1): Zone I:

Open Management of Achilles Tendinopathy

DEFINITION Tendinopathy of the Achilles tendon involves clinical conditions in and around the tendon arising from overuse.1 Tendinopathy of the Achilles tendon is common both in athletic and nonathletic individuals. It can affect several regions of the tendon. One particularly common site

Modified Brostrom and Brostrom-Evans Procedures

DEFINITION Lateral ankle injuries are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries in the athletic population. Rates as high as 7 per 1000 person-years have been reported in the general population. From 10% to 20% of sprains progress to some kind of chronic symptoms. Determining whether

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with and without Instrumentation

DEFINITION Cervical spondylosis refers to degenerative conditions affecting the cervical spine, including disc degeneration, herniation, facet arthrosis, and osteophytic spur formation. Depending on the nature and location of the spondylotic changes, pathologic compression of neural structures

Cervical Disc Replacement

ANATOMY     Familiarity with the anterior cervical anatomy is a necessity, particularly in regard to muscular, fascial, vascular, aerodigestive, nervous, and bony structures (FIG 1).   Approach level can be estimated by overlying

BASIC SCIENCE ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE BANK

What assay is commonly used to examine the level of messenger RNA (mRNA) of a particular gene?    Western blot Southern blot Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) Immunocytochemical analysis Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Sport Orthopedics Mcqs online Bank

(SAE12SN.35) What is the most commonly involved level for brachial plexus stretch injuries or "stingers" in younger athletes involved in collision sports? Review Topic   1 C3-4 2 C4-5 3 C5-6 4 C6-7 5 C7-T1   PREFERRED

Radial Head Replacement

DEFINITION Radial head fractures are the most common fracture of the elbow and usually can be managed either nonoperatively or with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).12 Radial head arthroplasty is indicated for unreconstructable displaced radial head fractures with an associated

Intramedullary Fixation of Humeral Shaft Fractures

r       DEFINITION Incidence: 3% to 5% of all fractures12 The AO/ASIF classification of humeral shaft fractures is based on increasing fracture comminution and is divided into three types according to the contact between the two

Intramedullary Fixation of Proximal Humerus Fractures

DEFINITION Fractures of the proximal humerus can be two, three, or four part according to the Neer classification (FIG 1). Fifty percent to 80% of proximal humerus fractures are nondisplaced or minimally displaced and stable.A short period of immobilization in neutral rotation to avoid

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Proximal Humerus Fractures

DEFINITION Proximal humerus fractures may involve the surgical neck, the greater tuberosity, and/or the lesser tuberosity. The Neer classification, which is most commonly used, categorizes fractures based on the number of displaced parts (FIG 1). This classification system involves four

Plate Fixation of Clavicle Fractures

DEFINITION Displaced, comminuted fractures of the clavicle are at risk for nonunion and malunion3,4,6,8,9,11 and can be considered for open reduction and internal fixation with a plate and screws.     ANATOMY   The clavicle and scapula are tightly linked

Surgical Hip Dislocation (Femoroacetabular Impingement)

DEFINITION Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a common cause of hip pain and hip osteoarthritis in the young adult.5 FAI is a dynamic pathologic condition that occurs when an abnormally shaped femoral head-neck and/or an overcovered acetabulum abut each other under physiologic range of

Hemiarthroplasty of the Hip

DEFINITION Femoral neck fractures are classified according to the Garden classification (Table 1).9 This classification divides these fractures into displaced or nondisplaced fractures. Guidelines for treatment of nondisplaced femoral neck fractures are beyond the scope of this

Prevention of Complications in Total Hip Arthroplasty

DEFINITION Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is successfully performed around the world for the treatment of arthritis, osteonecrosis, and femoral neck fracture, with predictably excellent results. The criteria for successful THA are no different today than they were 50 years ago: The procedure

Hip Disarticulation and Creating an Above-Knee Amputation Stump after Hip Disarticulation

BACKGROUND     Hip disarticulation is an amputation of the lower extremity through the hip joint capsule. Although most tumors of the lower extremities are amenable to limb-sparing techniques, some tumors of the femur and thigh are so extensive that hip disarticulation is needed

Overview of Musculoskeletal Tumors and Preoperative Evaluation

BACKGROUND     An understanding of the basic biology and pathology of bone and soft tissue tumors is essential for appropriate planning of their treatment.   This chapter reviews the unique biologic behavior of soft tissue and bone sarcomas, which provides the basis

Intramedullary Nailing of the Tibia

DEFINITION Intramedullary nailing techniques are typically used for closed and open displaced diaphyseal tibial fractures. The indications for intramedullary nailing can be extended to proximal and distal metaphyseal tibia fractures, including those associated with simple articular

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of the Distal Femur

DEFINITION Distal femur fractures are difficult, complex injuries that can result in devastating outcomes. The distal part of the femur is considered the most distal 9 to 15 cm of the femur and can involve the articular surface. The intra-articular injury can vary from a simple split to

Antegrade Intramedullary Nailing of the Femur

DEFINITION A femoral shaft fracture is any fracture of the femoral diaphysis from 5 cm below the lesser trochanter to within 6 to 8 cm of the distal femoral articular surface. Some fracture lines extend proximal or distal to the shaft and are therefore not considered shaft fractures. This

Retrograde Intramedullary Nailing of the Femur

DEFINITION Retrograde femoral nailing can be defined as any femoral nailing technique with a distal entry from the condyles or through an intercondylar, intra-articular starting point. For this chapter, retrograde femoral nailing will refer to nails with an intercondylar starting

Fixation of Periprosthetic Fractures Above Total Knee Arthroplasty

DEFINITION Fractures that occur above or around the femoral component of a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The rates of periprosthetic fractures for TKA vary. The incidence is reported to be 0.3% to 5.5% after primary TKA and up to 30% after revision

Open Reduction Internal Fixation of the Sacroiliac Joint and Sacrum

DEFINITION Pelvic fractures are serious injuries associated with a diverse assortment of morbidities and mortality rates ranging from 0% to 50%. Fractures and dislocations of the pelvis involve, in broad terms, injuries to the anterior and posterior structures of the pelvic ring. Injuries

Radial Head Replacement

Intramedullary Fixation of Humeral Shaft Fractures

Intramedullary Fixation of Proximal Humerus Fractures

DEFINITION Fractures of the proximal humerus can be two, three, or four part according to the Neer classification (FIG 1). Fifty percent to 80% of proximal humerus fractures are nondisplaced or minimally displaced and stable.A short period of immobilization in neutral rotation to avoid

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Proximal Humerus Fractures

Plate Fixation of Clavicle Fractures

DEFINITION Displaced, comminuted fractures of the clavicle are at risk for nonunion and malunion3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11 and can be considered for open reduction and internal fixation with a plate and screws.     ANATOMY   The clavicle and

Arthroscopy-Assisted Management or Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Tibial Spine Fractures

DEFINITION Tibial spine fractures are bony avulsions of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) from its attachment on the anteromedial portion of the intercondylar tibial eminence.26 Some authors consider them to be equivalent to the midsubstance ACL injuries seen in the adult

Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction

DEFINITION Stability of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) is multifactorial as it depends on limb alignment, interaction of the surrounding muscles, the osseous architecture of the patella and the trochlea, and the integrity of the medial soft tissue constraints of which the medial patellofemoral

Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

DEFINITION The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the primary stabilizer preventing anterior displacement of the tibia. The ligament is composed of two functional bundles, namely the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles. These bundles are named after the position of their insertion site on

Primary Repair and Nerve Grafting following Complete Nerve Transection in the Hand, Wrist, and Forearm

      DEFINITION Complete transection of a peripheral nerve is defined as interruption of all of the axons within the nerve. Primary nerve repair is the tension-free reapproximation of severed nerve ends performed within a week of injury. Delayed primary

ORTHOPEDIC MCQS BANK HAND AND WRIST 1B

145) A 32-year-old carpenter complains of progressively worsening wrist pain for the last 2 months. He denies any recent history of trauma to the wrist or hand. An MRI is obtained and a representative image is provided in Figure A. Which of the following surgical interventions is thought to be

Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow) Arthroscopic Treatment

DEFINITION Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is a common musculoskeletal disorder that is characterized by lateral epicondylar pain and tenderness over the origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) slightly distal and anterior to lateral epicondyle with exacerbated pain at the resisted

Partial Scaphoid Excision of Scaphoid Nonunions

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