| Risk factor or clinical feature | Age group | Number of studies | Pooled estimate (95% CI) | I2 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age younger than 3 years | <3 years | 12 | 1.00 (reference) | 0 |
| ≥3 years | 12 | 0.43 (0.32–0.57) | 0 | |
| Male sex | <3 years | 14 | 1.00 (reference) | 0 |
| ≥3 years | 14 | 0.97 (0.81–1.16) | 0 | |
| Previous joint problems or surgery | <3 years | 10 | 1.00 (reference) | 0 |
| ≥3 years | 10 | 0.77 (0.51–1.16) | 0 | |
| Immunodeficiency | <3 years | 9 | 1.00 (reference) | 0 |
| ≥3 years | 9 | 0.69 (0.46–1.04) | 0 | |
| Recent infection or injury | <3 years | 8 | 1.00 (reference) | 0 |
| ≥3 years | 8 | 1.02 (0.72–1.45) | 0 | |
| Fever | <3 years | 22 | 0.81 (0.74–0.88) | 67 |
| ≥3 years | 22 | 0.76 (0.69–0.84) | 67 | |
| Joint pain | <3 years | 18 | 0.90 (0.84–0.96) | 56 |
| ≥3 years | 18 | 0.83 (0.77–0.90) | 56 | |
| Joint swelling | <3 years | 18 | 0.87 (0.81–0.93) | 58 |
| ≥3 years | 18 | 0.82 (0.76–0.88) | 58 | |
| Hip joint | <3 years | 24 | 0.34 (0.27–0.42) | 88 |
| ≥3 years | 24 | 0.29 (0.23–0.36) | 88 | |
| Ankle joint | <3 years | 18 | 0.10 (0.07–0.13) | 80 |
| ≥3 years | 18 | 0.09 (0.06–0.12) | 80 | |
| S. aureus infection | <3 years | 28 | 0.64 (0.56–0.72) | 82 |
| ≥3 years | 28 | 0.59 (0.51–0.68) | 82 |
Table s1
About the Author: Prof. Dr. Mohammed Hutaif
Vice Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at Sana'a University and a leading consultant in orthopedic and spinal surgery. Learn more about my expertise and achievements.