Q: What is the most common cause of clavicle fractures?
- A) Fall on an outstretched hand
- B) Direct blow to the shoulder
- C) Birth trauma
- D) Sports injury
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Correct answer: B
Explanation: Clavicle fractures account for approximately 2.6% of all fractures and for 44% to 66% of fractures about the shoulder. Middle third fractures account for 80% of all clavicle fractures, whereas fractures of the distal third account for 15% and those of the medial third for 5%. The most common cause of clavicle fractures is a direct blow to the shoulder, usually from a fall or a collision.
Q: What is the most common type of elbow fracture in children?
- A) Supracondylar fracture
- B) Lateral condyle fracture
- C) Radial head fracture
- D) Olecranon fracture
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Correct answer: A
Explanation: Elbow fractures represent 8% to 9% of all upper extremity fractures in children. Of all elbow fractures, 85% occur at the distal humerus; 55% to 75% of these are supracondylar. Most occur in children between 5 and 10 years of age.
Q: What is the most common site of physeal injury in the ankle?
- A) Distal tibia
- B) Distal fibula
- C) Talus
- D) Calcaneus
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Correct answer: B
Explanation: Ankle injuries account for up to 18% of all physeal injuries; they are third in frequency following phalangeal and distal radius physeal injuries. Fifty-eight percent of ankle physeal injuries occur at the distal fibula, followed by distal tibia (25%), talus (9%), and calcaneus (8%).
