Graduate Exam Question 2018

First, single-choice questions (1 point per question, 20 points)

1. The best treatment for liver cancer is

A Surgical treatment

B Injection therapy

C Radiotherapy

D Chemotherapy

E embolism therapy

2. Duodenum ulcer concurrent acute perforation, which of the following applies to non-surgical treatment

A. Recalcitrant ulcer perforation

B. Perforation after full ness

C. Simple small perforation

D. With claustrophobia

E. With a haemorrhage

3. Which organ produces and secretes bile

A Liver

B Gallbladder

C Pancreas

D duodenum

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E Stomach

4. Surgical adaptation certificate for stomach ulcers

A. Ineffective treatment for 4 to 6 weeks

B. Age over 45 years old, potential for change

C. Larger or high ulcers

D. History of perforation or bleeding

E. All of the above

5. Which of the following statements about pancreatic cancer is correct?

A. In most cases, jaundice occurs only

B. Ct scans, angiography and laparoscopy were not successful

C. Less than 5% of patients with jaundice

D.99% of pancreatic cancer patients have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis

E. 5-year survival rate of 30% after use of Whipple (pancreatic duodenum- col.

40%

6. A 55-year-old extremely obese man reported that whenever he went on hunger strike more than a few small

Weakness, sweating, thigh-stoss, insanity, and headaches.

His symptoms soon improved when he ate. These symptoms best illustrate which of the following diseases

Disease?

A. Diabetes

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B. Isletoma

C. Zhuo-Ai syndrome

D. Cancer Syndrome

E. Multiple endocrine tumors, type II

7. Patients who undergo a full pantomy may experience any of the following complications?

A. Diabetes

B. Too much calcium in the blood

C. Hyperphosphateemia

D. Constipation

E. Weight Gain

8. Which statement about pancreatic adenocarcinoma is correct?

A. Most commonly found in the pancreas

B. 5-year survival rate 1-2%

C. If it appears to be painless, it is usually non-recital

D. If it is located at the tail of the pancreas and does not involve the bile duct, it can usually be removed

E. Related to uremia

9. Using the new nine-point method to calculate the adult burn area, which of the following is wrong

A. 3% of head, face and neck

B. Two upper arms are 6%

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C. The torso is 27%.

D. Two hips is 5%.

E. Double front hip is 6%

10. Which of the following is not characteristic of deep ii-degree burns

A. The creation surface can have or no blisters

B. Wounded pain dull

C. Visible branch-like embolism of blood vessels

D. More hyperactivity scars after healing

E. For infection-free, fusion-free repair

11. Large-scale burns shock period patients appear irritable, mostly due to

A. Pain

B. Psychological factors

C. Early-stage toxicemia

D. Insufficient blood capacity

E. All of the above

12. Persistent vomiting caused by claustrophobic obstruction can result in:

A. Low chlorine and high potassium poisoning

B. Potassium deficiency acidosis

C. Low chlorine and low potassium acidosis

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D. Low chlorine and high sodium alkali poisoning

E. Low chlorine and low potassium poisoning

13. The main purpose of shock therapy is

A. high blood pressure

B. Restoring blood volume

C. Correct acidosis

D. Restoring heart drain

E. Blood flow perfusion of restored tissue

14. The main anatomical pathological basis for the occurrence of groin straight herritum

A. Weakness of the abdominal oblique muscles

B. Weak abdominal diaphragm

C. Concave ligament weakness

D. High position of the lower edge of the intraabdominal muscle bow

E. weakness of groin ligaments

15. Identify the most meaningful signs of groin oblique or straight herr

A. Block shape

B. Whether the lump enters the scrotum

C. Back-to-nass ire slowers the inner ring and increases the abdominal pressure whether it is released

D. Is it easy to embed

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E. One-sided or two-sided16. Acute episodes of gallbladder stones and typical triple disassociation of acute biliary inflammation

A. Pain, fever, large gallbladder

B. Pain, white blood cell growth, peritonitis

C. Fever, amylase increase, jaundice

D. Gallbladder stones, bile ducts and gallbladder stones in the liver

E. Pain, chillhigh high fever, jaundice

17. The most valuable method for diagnosing abdominal visceral injury

A. Ultrasound

B. abdominal puncture, abdominal scrubbing

C. Abdominal pain

D.X Line Check

E. Nuclide scanning

18. Which of the following is incorrect about the rupture of the spleen

A. Spleen removal

B. Spleen spleen spleen suture repair

C. Surgery after improving hemorrhagic shock

D. Can collect intra-abdominal bleeding, line their own blood transfusion

E. Increased white blood cell count

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19. Abdominal trauma concurrent to hemorrhagic shock, main treatment principles

A. Rapid replenishment of liquids

B. Giving a large amount of sedatives

C. The blood volume is replenished mainly by blood transfusion

D. Applying a large number of antibiotics to control infection

E. Active treatment of shock while surgery to detect hemorrhage

20. Male, 30 years old, two hours ago suddenly upper abdominal knife-type pain, quickly spread to the whole abdomen,

Don't dare walk straight. Check the zhou-shaped abs, abs straight, have peritoneal stimulation, intestines

The sound disappears, the liver turbidity disappears. Consider the most likely diagnosis

A. Tail perforation

B. Ulcer perforation

C. Gallbladder Perforation

D. Narrow intestinal obstruction

E. Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

Second, short answer questions (10 points per question, a total score of 40 points)

1. What kinds of metastasis pathways are malignant tumors?

For:

2. Pathological types of thyroid cancer

For:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Urology (10)

First, indeterminate choice questions (25 points, 0.5 points per question)

1. Bladder irritation means (ABE)

A urine frequency B urine acute C urine incontinence D urination difficulty E urine pain

2 Bladder triangle area has titpapillomasis (T1 stage), tumor diameter is less than 2cm, treatment should be selected (A)

A By urethra electrocution or electro-burning B bladder partial removal C bladder total removal D chemotherapy E radiation therapy

3. The earliest symptoms of prostate hyperplasia are (A)

A urine frequency B urine acute C urine pain D blood urine E urination difficulty

4 Typical three major symptoms of kidney cancer (A)

A hematuria, pain and lumps B hematuria, pain and monk blood c high blood calcium, pain and hypertension D high blood calcium, pain

Pain and lumps E wasting, anemia and weakness

5, bladder cancer the most accurate diagnosis (E)

A Ultrasound B CT C IVP D MRI E Cystoscopy

Second, fill in the blank s (25 points, 0.5 points per empty)

1. Urinary incontinence is often divided into true urinary incontinence, hyperfill urinary incontinence (false urinary incontinence), pressure urinary incontinence, acute stressous urinary incontinence

2, imaging, the ureter is generally divided into the upper and lower three segments, that is, (the upper edge of the kidneys to the joint), the upper edge of the joint to its lower edge and (the lower edge of the joint to the entrance to the ureter bladder).

II. Essay questions (5 points)

1, the treatment principle of both sides of urinary tract stones.

(1) Two-sided ureter stones, if the total kidney function is normal or in the renal function of the full compensation period, Blood creatinine value 178.0mmol/L, first to deal with the obstruction of severe side of the stone, if the total kidney function is poor, in the nitrogenemia or uremia period, first treat the kidney function of the better side of the stone, conditions allow, can be simultaneously to the side of the dermal hypnotic fistula, or at the same time to deal with double-sided stones.

(2) The objective situation of double-sided ureter stones is similar, first dealing with subjective symptoms of heavy or technically easy to deal with side stones.

(3) One side ureter stone, the other side kidney stone, first deal with the ureter stone

First deal with ureter stones, the process of treatment is recommended to refer to the total kidney function, kidney function and the general situation of patients.

(4) Two-sided kidney stones, generally first treatment easy to deal with and safe side, if the kidney function is in the nitrogenemia or uremia period, severe obstruction, it is recommended to first dermal nephrology fistula, wait for the kidney function and the general condition of the patient to improve before treating the stone.

(5) Isolated renal urinary tract stones or double-sided urinary tract stones cause acute obstruction without urine, as long as the patient's situation permits, should be timely surgical treatment, such as can not tolerate surgery, should actively pilot the ureter reverse intubation or dermal hytrial fistula, wait for the general situation of the patient to improve before choosing appropriate treatment methods.

(6) For patients whose kidney function is in the stage of uremia, and who have hydrolyze electrolytes and acid-base balance disorders, it is recommended to advance hemodialysis, correct the disorder of their internal environment as soon as possible, and at the same time perform ureatic reverse intubation or transdermal renal puncture fistula, drain the kidneys, and wait for the condition to stabilize before treating stones.

2. Clinical basic diagnosis of prostate cancer

Rectal refers to, prostate-specific antigen assay, by rectal prostate ultrasound, prostate puncture biopsy, prostate CT, prostate magnetic resonance, PET/CT whole-body nuclide bone imaging (ECT)

3. The prostate is divided into several parts, which are prone to prostate hyperplasia.

Prostate is divided into: outer circumanarea, central belt, shift belt (if four empty <尿道周围腺体区>)   

Benign Hyperplasia: ShiftIng Belt

Orthopaedics (10)

1. Fascia syndrome:

Q: I.Q. A series of early symptoms and signs of the fascia's internal muscles and nerves formed by the bone, intertetympanic, muscle spacing and deep fascia due to acute ischemia and hypoxia

2, the waist disc highlights the most joint, the second one: L4-L5;

3. What is the most dead fracture: pelvic fracture

4, hip pain release which joint: knee joint

Outside (40)

Noun interpretation:

PPPD: Pancreatic duodenum ectomy (PPPD) that retains the door

RETIZUS vein clumps: intestinal membrane branching through the peritoneal after the vein splex and the lower cavity vein branch traffic transport this vein clump is called retizus vein clump.

TIPS: Intravenous flow of intervening in the intra-cervical liver, using interventional methods to treat door vein hypertension, in the liver to form a door vein and liver venous diversion, reduce the pressure of the door vein. Mainly used in patients with unsurgical door veins, such as Buga syndrome

P-J syndrome: also known as dark plaque polyps, is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease that is combined with digestive polyps by the skin mucous membrane black spots.

Answer:

1 about half colon cancer characteristics difference

Right colon cancer Left colon cancer

The nature of the lump bulge type is more common, more commonly seen, immersion type

Transfer occurred, late, early.

Abdominal lumps can have less, occasional diagnosis found

Systemic symptoms Heavy

Anemia can be rare

Stool diving blood, more than many

Intestinal obstruction is not common.

Surgical mode, phase one or two, phase II surgery, mainly

2 Thyroid risk performance, diagnosis, treatment

Performance: High fever, fast veins, combined neural circulation and severe dysfunction of the digestive system, such as irritability, delirium, sweating, vomiting, water

Diagnosis: 1. Original history of the disease 2, high fever sweat 3, titcardi 4, whether there are neurological symptoms (can show apathy type) 5, digestive system symptoms 6, laboratory examination

Treatment: Applying sedatives, cooling, oxygen absorption, maintaining hydrolyzed electrolyte balance, iodine, epinephrine blockers (blood level, propranolol), hydrodesication can be pine

3. Hyperkalemia performance, diagnosis, treatment

Performance: neuromuscular system - limb weakness, feeling abnormal

Central Nervous System - Blurred Mind

Heart - heart movement is slow, heart rhythm is not the same

Acid-base balance - high potassium acidosis, abnormal alkaline urine

Diagnosis: Serum potassium , 5.5mmol/L, and clinical manifestations that cannot be explained by the original disease

Treatment: 1 deactivation of potassium-containing drugs, 2 promote potassium transfer into cells: static injection of sodium bicarbonate solution, infusion glucose and insulin 3 cation ion exchange resin 4 peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis 5 calcium supplementation: static injection 10% calcium gluconate solution 20 ml

Gate line traffic branch: the lower section of the stomach-bottom esophagus traffic branch, the lower rectal tube traffic branch, the front abdominal wall traffic branch, the peritoneal traffic branch (nine versions of the textbook)

(esophagus veins, rectal veins, retizus veins, umbilical venous networks)

 

Outside: (10)

Filling in the blanks: Three common types of cerebral palsy: . . cerebellum screen cut stoma Pillow bone large hole, brain stoic

Foster-Kennedy syndrome: also known as frontal base syndrome. The tumor at the bottom of the frontal lobe compresses the side of the optic nerve, so that the cobweb synostic cavity around the optic nerve is closed, causing the primary atrophy of the optic nerve without the appearance of the epiphany edema, but because the presence of the tumor causes the intracranial pressure increases, so the visual nipple edema appears on the opposite side.

Battle sign: also known as mastoid ecchymosis, is a sign of a fracture of the base of the skull, most commonly found in the fracture of the cranial nest or the fracture of the skull back arm.

GCS Scale

Eye-opening reaction

4 Spontaneous eyes open

3 Language commands to open your eyes

2 Pain stimulation eye opening

1 No eyes open

Language reaction

5 Normal conversation

4 Speech Disorder

3 Can only say (inappropriate) words

2 Can only be pronounced

1 No pronunciation

Motion reaction

6 Act as you are told

5 Reactions to pain stimulation positioning

4 Flexion response to pain stimulation

3 Abnormal bending (demymal state)

2 Abnormal stretching (de-brain state)

1 No reaction

 

Meaning: Light 13-15, after injury coma time 20min; medium 9-12 minutes, post-injury coma 20min-6h; heavy 3-8 after injury coma 6h, or 24h after injury consciousness deterioration and coma 6h

2. Hunt-Hess rating content

Level 1: Asymptomatic or mild headache or mild neck stiffness

Level 2: medium-heavy headache, neck straight, except for cranial nerve paralysis, no other loss of nerve function

Level 3: drowsiness, confusion, or slight loss of lesions of nerve function

Level 4: wood stiff, moderate to severe side not paralysis, may have early de-brain stiffness and plant neurofunctional disorders

Level 5: Deep coma, brain straight, near death

If there are serious systemic disorders such as: hypertension, diabetes, severe atherosclerosis, chronic pulmonary disease and arterial imaging with severe vascular spasms to add one level

 

Out of Mind (10)

Two-tip valve narrow type: diaphragm type, diaphragm thickening type, funnel-shaped, diaphragm funnel-shaped

Pharoah is named after Fallot's first description, also known as phony quadruped, a combination of congenital cardiovascular malformations, which include spacing defects, pulmonary artery stenosis, right aorta (riding across the absent ventricle interval) and right ventricle, The first two malformations are basic lesions, the disease is the most common cyanosis congenital heart disease.

Two-tip valve device: two-tip valve ring, lobe, tendon rope, nipple muscle composed of a precision structure called two-tip valve device.

Eisenmanger syndrome: Left-to-right shunt causes elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, and when pulmonary artery pressure is higher than aortic pressure, a reverse resusmia to the right and left occurs, leading to cyanosis.

Anticoagulant strategy after coronary bypass (temporary shortage)

After surgery 6h (with little flow after the thoracic bone) is given aspirin (100mg-375mg), clopidogrel (75mg) double antiplatelet anticoagulant

It is also recommended that double antiplatelet therapy be used one year after surgery, and it is recommended that those without a clear taboo take aspirin antiplatelet therapy for a long time.

 

Plastic Surgery (10)

More than 30 degrees of angle between the ear profile and the side wall of the skull

Slow progress is not a tendency to color itenos

Cold abscesses of cervical lymphatic tuberculosis are treated with anti-tuberculosis when they are not formed.

Tibia amputation does not include stitching fixation

Noun interpretation

Trauma asphyxia is a less common syndrome in closed chest injuries caused by blunt sexual violence on the upper body caused by extensive skin, mucous membranes, end capillary bruising and hemorrhagic damage.

Dento-maxillofacial demoimitis: the volume and morphology of the jaw sylph caused by abnormal growth and development of the jaw caused by the abnormality of the genetic (genetic) system in the patient's body1 As well as the relationship between the upper and lower jaws and other bones of the skull and the accompanying dental relationship and the function of the jaw system abnormal, the appearance is characterized by abnormal jaw shape.

Answer

Basic Principles of Plastic Surgery

1 Strict sterile operation

2 Reducing tissue damage

3 Eliminate the dead cavity gap and prevent hematoma

4 Moderate tension stitching

Facial nerve extracranial branches include: shin, cheek, jaw, neck.