9. Shoulder and Elbow MCQs

The superior glenohumeral ligament (SGHL) provides the primary restraint to inferior translation of the humeral head in which of the following shoulder positions?

During the late cocking phase of throwing, which elbow structure serves as the primary restraint against valgus stress?

A 28-year-old overhead throwing athlete presents with deep posterior shoulder pain during the late cocking phase of throwing.

What is the primary stabilizing role of the superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) complex during this motion?

In a patient diagnosed with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis, contracture of which of the following specific structures is primarily responsible for the severe restriction of external rotation when the arm is adducted at the side?

A professional baseball pitcher demonstrates a 25-degree loss of internal rotation in his throwing shoulder compared to his contralateral shoulder, but his total arc of motion (internal + external rotation) remains completely symmetric. What is the most appropriate initial management?

A 45-year-old man feels a sudden pop in his anterior elbow while lifting heavy machinery. He exhibits profound weakness in forearm supination and a positive Hook test. If the surgeon utilizes a single-incision anterior approach for distal biceps repair, which nerve is at greatest risk of iatrogenic injury from lateral retraction?

A 35-year-old man complains of his elbow "clicking" and giving way when pushing himself up from a chair. Examination reveals a positive lateral pivot-shift test of the elbow. Which ligament is primarily incompetent in this condition?

A 42-year-old carpenter presents with chronic medial elbow pain that drastically worsens with resisted wrist flexion and forearm pronation. If non-operative management fails and surgical debridement is required, which tendinous structure is the primary anatomical site of pathology?

A 32-year-old man presents with anterior shoulder pain and a sensation of giving way after a traumatic dislocation. MRI arthrogram reveals a J-sign with extravasation of contrast into the axillary pouch. Which of the following best describes this lesion?

During arthroscopic evaluation of a stiff shoulder, a key anatomic structure is targeted for release.

Which structure forms the roof of the rotator interval and is typically contracted in adhesive capsulitis, limiting external rotation in adduction?

A 21-year-old gymnast presents with painless winging of the scapula after a neck injury. Examination shows the vertebral border of the scapula translated laterally and superiorly. Which nerve is most likely injured?

A 35-year-old male presents with acute, severe, unrelenting unilateral shoulder pain lasting several weeks, followed by patchy weakness in his periscapular muscles. MRI of the shoulder is unremarkable. What is the most likely diagnosis?

The long head of the biceps tendon is stabilized at the entrance to the bicipital groove by the biceps reflection pulley. Which of the following capsuloligamentous structures are the primary components of this pulley system?

A 45-year-old manual laborer presents with persistent anterior shoulder pain. MRI confirms a Type II SLAP lesion. What is the most appropriate surgical management for this patient considering his age and occupation?

A 65-year-old active man presents with severe shoulder pain and stiffness. Radiographs demonstrate advanced glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Physical exam and MRI confirm an intact and fully functional rotator cuff. What is the most appropriate surgical option?

Which of the following is considered the primary pathological change occurring during the 'freezing' stage of idiopathic adhesive capsulitis?

Following an extensive axillary lymph node dissection, a patient presents with medial winging of the scapula, which is accentuated when the patient pushes against a wall. Which muscle and corresponding nerve have been injured?

A 72-year-old patient presents with a massive, irreparable rotator cuff tear and pseudoparalysis of the shoulder. Radiographs demonstrate an acromiohumeral distance of 2 mm and early 'acetabularization' of the acromion without glenohumeral arthritis. What is the Hamada classification and optimal treatment?