5. Sports Medicine MCQs

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is composed of two primary functional bundles: the anteromedial (AM) and the posterolateral (PL). Which statement accurately describes their dynamic biomechanical tensioning throughout knee range of motion?

Compared to a 10mm bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) autograft, a quadrupled hamstring autograft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction demonstrates which of the following biomechanical properties at the time of implantation?

In a patient with recurrent anterior shoulder instability, which of the following anatomic scenarios is the primary indication for adding an arthroscopic remplissage to an anterior Bankart repair?

During an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using a bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft, the surgeon inadvertently places the femoral tunnel too far anteriorly (high in the intercondylar notch). What is the most likely clinical consequence of this technical error?

During diagnostic arthroscopy for recurrent anterior shoulder instability in a 22-year-old male, the surgeon identifies an 'engaging' Hill-Sachs lesion. The surgeon opts for an arthroscopic Bankart repair combined with a 'remplissage' procedure. The remplissage technique involves the tenodesis of which structure into the humeral head defect?

A 22-year-old collegiate baseball pitcher presents with posterior shoulder pain during the late cocking phase of throwing. Examination reveals a Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD) of 25 degrees compared to the contralateral side. Pathophysiologically, this condition is most directly associated with contracture of which of the following structures?

When evaluating a patient for anterior shoulder instability, the "glenoid track" concept is utilized to determine the need for a bone-blocking procedure. The glenoid track is defined as what percentage of the intact glenoid width?

During an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, placement of the femoral tunnel too far anteriorly (shallow) will result in which of the following graft tensioning patterns?

In a newborn with Erb's palsy (C5-C6 root injury), the arm is classically held in internal rotation, shoulder adduction, elbow extension, and forearm pronation (waiter's tip posture). Which muscle's paralysis primarily contributes to the inability to externally rotate the shoulder?

A 25-year-old patient receives an intra-articular injection of bupivacaine during a knee arthroscopy. Bupivacaine achieves its local anesthetic effect primarily by binding to which of the following structures?

A 24-year-old athlete undergoes a patellar tendon allograft reconstruction. In the immediate postoperative period, continuous passive motion is utilized. This motion helps provide nutrition to the articular cartilage primarily through which mechanism?

When evaluating knee kinematics, which of the following properties is a primary design characteristic of a posterior-stabilized (PS) total knee arthroplasty compared to a cruciate-retaining (CR) design?

A 28-year-old male hockey player presents with anterior groin pain exacerbated by deep hip flexion and internal rotation. AP pelvis radiographs reveal a prominent 'crossover sign' and a positive 'ischial spine sign'. Which of the following underlying conditions is most consistent with these exact radiographic findings?

During a cruciate-retaining (CR) total knee arthroplasty, the surgeon notes that the anterior aspect of the tibial tray lifts off the baseplate during deep flexion, and there is excessive posterior femoral rollback. What is the most likely cause of this kinematic abnormality?

A surgeon is performing a surgical dislocation of the hip using the Ganz approach to treat femoroacetabular impingement. To protect the deep branch of the medial femoral circumflex artery (MFCA), which of the following structures must be meticulously preserved and left attached to the femur?

A 24-year-old collegiate hockey player presents with chronic groin pain exacerbated by hip flexion and internal rotation. Radiographs demonstrate an alpha angle of 65 degrees on the modified Dunn lateral view, with no joint space narrowing. This pathology is primarily caused by an osseous deformity located at which specific region of the proximal femur?

During a cruciate-retaining (CR) TKA, the surgeon notices that the knee 'books open' anteriorly as it is flexed, and the femoral component rolls paradoxically anteriorly on the tibia during deep flexion. What is the primary cause of this kinematic abnormality?

In the evaluation of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), atypical extra-articular impingement must be considered. Subspine impingement specifically involves pathological abutment between the anterior distal femoral neck and which of the following structures?

During a cruciate-retaining (CR) total knee arthroplasty, the surgeon notices that the tibial tray repeatedly lifts off anteriorly (book-opening) when the knee is brought into deep flexion. What is the most likely technical cause of this intraoperative finding?