A 26 year-old marathon runner reports lateral knee pain after hill training. Examination reveals no effusion; and results of Ober’s test are positive. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Correct Answer: Lateral meniscus tear. Explanation:

For which of the following conditions will a rehabilitation program for shoulder instability most likely result in a satisfactory response?

Correct Answer: recurrent traumatic anterior dislocation. Explanation:

A branch of what nerve is at risk for injury when vigorous superior/medial retraction is applied to the interval between the teres minor and the infraspinatus during a posterior approach to the shoul

Correct Answer: radial. Explanation:

Which of the following lists the correct order of the branches of the axillary artery from proximal to distal?

Correct Answer: Thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular. Explanation:

Clinic OS

Q: A 35-year-old trauma patient presents with an unstable anteroposterior compression (APC-III) pelvic ring injury and hemodynamic instability. When applying a circumferential pelvic binder, where should

Correct Answer: At the level of the greater trochanters. Explanation: A pelvic binder must be centered precisely over the greater trochanters to effectively compress the pelvic ring. Placing it higher over the iliac crests is ineffective and can paradoxically widen the true pelvis.

Q: A 25-year-old male sustains a high-energy trauma resulting in an APC-III (anteroposterior compression) pelvic ring injury. Which of the following ligamentous complexes is completely disrupted in this

Correct Answer: Anterior sacroiliac, posterior sacroiliac, sacrotuberous, and sacrospinous ligaments. Explanation: An APC-III injury represents complete disruption of the pelvic ring both anteriorly and posteriorly. It involves the tearing of the anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments, as well as the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, rendering the pelvis globally unstable.

Q: A 45-year-old pedestrian is struck by a vehicle and sustains a pelvic ring injury. Imaging shows a 3 cm diastasis of the pubic symphysis. The anterior sacroiliac ligaments are disrupted, but the poste

Correct Answer: Anteroposterior Compression (APC) II. Explanation: An Anteroposterior Compression (APC) type II injury involves a symphyseal diastasis > 2.5 cm with rupture of the anterior sacroiliac (SI), sacrotuberous, and sacrospinous ligaments. Crucially, the posterior SI ligaments remain intact, providing vertical stability but resulting in rotational instabil

Q: A 35-year-old male is brought to the trauma bay following a high-speed motorcycle collision. Pelvic radiographs show an Anterior Posterior Compression Type III (APC-III) pelvic ring injury. He remains

Correct Answer: Presacral venous plexus. Explanation: In severe pelvic ring disruptions, particularly open-book (APC) types, 80-90% of bleeding is of venous origin. The presacral venous plexus and prevesical veins are the most common sources. Arterial bleeding (e.g., superior gluteal, internal pudendal) accounts for only 10-20% of cases and is more com

Q: When applying a circumferential pelvic binder for a hemodynamically unstable patient with an open-book pelvic ring injury (APC-III), over which specific anatomic landmarks should the binder be centere

Correct Answer: Greater trochanters. Explanation: To be mechanically effective, a pelvic binder or sheet must be centered directly over the greater trochanters. Placing it too cephalad (over the iliac crests) is a common error that fails to adequately close the pelvic volume and can actually paradoxically open the posterior ring.

Q: A 40-year-old pedestrian is struck by a vehicle. Pelvic radiographs demonstrate a symphysis pubis diastasis of 3.5 cm and a widened anterior sacroiliac joint, but intact posterior sacroiliac ligaments

Correct Answer: APC-II. Explanation: An Anteroposterior Compression Type II (APC-II) injury is defined by symphyseal diastasis >2.5 cm with disruption of the anterior sacroiliac, sacrotuberous, and sacrospinous ligaments. Crucially, the posterior sacroiliac ligaments remain intact, rendering the pelvis rotationally unstable but vertica

Q: In a Young-Burgess Anteroposterior Compression II (APC II) pelvic ring injury, which of the following posterior ligamentous structures typically remains intact, distinguishing it from an APC III injur

Correct Answer: Sacrospinous ligament. Explanation: An APC II injury involves widening of the pubic symphysis (or vertical pubic rami fractures) and rupture of the anterior sacroiliac, sacrotuberous, and sacrospinous ligaments. The posterior sacroiliac ligaments remain intact, preventing vertical instability. An APC III injury involves complete disru

Q: According to the Young-Burgess classification system for pelvic ring fractures, an Anteroposterior Compression Type III (APC-III) injury is characterized by complete pelvic instability. This requires

Correct Answer: Anterior sacroiliac ligaments, posterior sacroiliac ligaments, sacrotuberous, and sacrospinous ligaments. Explanation: An APC-III injury indicates complete dissociation of the hemipelvis from the sacrum. It is characterized by symphyseal diastasis (or anterior rami fractures) along with complete disruption of the pelvic floor (sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments) and both the anterior and posterior sacroiliac l

Q: A 25-year-old male is involved in a high-speed motor vehicle collision and sustains an APC-II pelvic ring injury. What is the primary anatomic structure disrupted that defines this specific injury pat

Correct Answer: Posterior sacroiliac ligaments. Explanation: An APC-II (Anteroposterior Compression II) pelvic fracture is characterized by widening of the pubic symphysis and disruption of the anterior sacroiliac ligaments, sacrotuberous, and sacrospinous ligaments. The posterior sacroiliac ligaments remain intact, maintaining vertical stability.

Q: Figure 68 shows the MRI scan of a 13-year-old boy who has had knee pain and swelling following training lessons for ski racing for the past 6 months. The only abnormal finding on physical examination

Correct Answer: Cast immobilization for 6 weeks. Explanation:

Question 501

Topic: Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma

A 35-year-old trauma patient presents with an unstable anteroposterior compression (APC-III) pelvic ring injury and hemodynamic instability. When applying a circumferential pelvic binder, where should it be anatomically centered to correctly maximize reduction?

. At the level of the iliac crests

. Centered over the umbilicus

. At the level of the greater trochanters

. Directly over the anterior superior iliac spines (ASIS)

. Around the proximal thighs below the lesser trochanters

Correct Answer & Explanation

. At the level of the greater trochanters

Explanation

A pelvic binder must be centered precisely over the greater trochanters to effectively compress the pelvic ring. Placing it higher over the iliac crests is ineffective and can paradoxically widen the true pelvis.

Question 502

Topic: Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma

A 25-year-old male sustains a high-energy trauma resulting in an APC-III (anteroposterior compression) pelvic ring injury. Which of the following ligamentous complexes is completely disrupted in this injury pattern?

. Anterior sacroiliac ligament only

. Anterior sacroiliac, sacrotuberous, and sacrospinous ligaments only

. Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments only

. Anterior sacroiliac, posterior sacroiliac, sacrotuberous, and sacrospinous ligaments

. Posterior sacroiliac ligament only

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Anterior sacroiliac, posterior sacroiliac, sacrotuberous, and sacrospinous ligaments

Explanation

An APC-III injury represents complete disruption of the pelvic ring both anteriorly and posteriorly. It involves the tearing of the anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments, as well as the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, rendering the pelvis globally unstable.

Question 503

Topic: Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma

A 45-year-old pedestrian is struck by a vehicle and sustains a pelvic ring injury. Imaging shows a 3 cm diastasis of the pubic symphysis. The anterior sacroiliac ligaments are disrupted, but the posterior sacroiliac ligaments are intact. According to the Young and Burgess classification, this injury is classified as:

. Anteroposterior Compression (APC) I

. Anteroposterior Compression (APC) II

. Anteroposterior Compression (APC) III

. Lateral Compression (LC) I

. Lateral Compression (LC) II

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Anteroposterior Compression (APC) II

Explanation

An Anteroposterior Compression (APC) type II injury involves a symphyseal diastasis > 2.5 cm with rupture of the anterior sacroiliac (SI), sacrotuberous, and sacrospinous ligaments. Crucially, the posterior SI ligaments remain intact, providing vertical stability but resulting in rotational instability (an "open book" pelvis). APC I is diastasis < 2.5 cm. APC III involves complete disruption of both anterior and posterior SI ligaments, causing complete rotational and vertical instability.

Question 504

Topic: Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma

A 35-year-old male is brought to the trauma bay following a high-speed motorcycle collision. Pelvic radiographs show an Anterior Posterior Compression Type III (APC-III) pelvic ring injury. He remains hypotensive despite initial resuscitation, and a pelvic binder is applied. What is the most common anatomical source of massive hemorrhage in this fracture pattern?

. Superior gluteal artery

. Corona mortis

. Presacral venous plexus

. Internal pudendal vein

. External iliac vein

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Presacral venous plexus

Explanation

In severe pelvic ring disruptions, particularly open-book (APC) types, 80-90% of bleeding is of venous origin. The presacral venous plexus and prevesical veins are the most common sources. Arterial bleeding (e.g., superior gluteal, internal pudendal) accounts for only 10-20% of cases and is more common in lateral compression or severe vertical shear injuries.

Question 505

Topic: Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma

When applying a circumferential pelvic binder for a hemodynamically unstable patient with an open-book pelvic ring injury (APC-III), over which specific anatomic landmarks should the binder be centered to maximize reduction force?

. Iliac crests

. Greater trochanters

. Anterior superior iliac spines

. Pubic symphysis

. Sacral promontory

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Greater trochanters

Explanation

To be mechanically effective, a pelvic binder or sheet must be centered directly over the greater trochanters. Placing it too cephalad (over the iliac crests) is a common error that fails to adequately close the pelvic volume and can actually paradoxically open the posterior ring.

Question 506

Topic: Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma

A 40-year-old pedestrian is struck by a vehicle. Pelvic radiographs demonstrate a symphysis pubis diastasis of 3.5 cm and a widened anterior sacroiliac joint, but intact posterior sacroiliac ligaments. According to the Young-Burgess classification, what type of pelvic ring injury is this?

. APC-I

. APC-II

. APC-III

. LC-I

. LC-II

Correct Answer & Explanation

. APC-II

Explanation

An Anteroposterior Compression Type II (APC-II) injury is defined by symphyseal diastasis >2.5 cm with disruption of the anterior sacroiliac, sacrotuberous, and sacrospinous ligaments. Crucially, the posterior sacroiliac ligaments remain intact, rendering the pelvis rotationally unstable but vertically stable. APC-III involves complete disruption of both anterior and posterior SI ligaments.

Question 507

Topic: Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma

In a Young-Burgess Anteroposterior Compression II (APC II) pelvic ring injury, which of the following posterior ligamentous structures typically remains intact, distinguishing it from an APC III injury?

. Symphyseal ligaments

. Sacrotuberous ligament

. Anterior sacroiliac ligament

. Posterior sacroiliac ligament

. Sacrospinous ligament

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Sacrospinous ligament

Explanation

An APC II injury involves widening of the pubic symphysis (or vertical pubic rami fractures) and rupture of the anterior sacroiliac, sacrotuberous, and sacrospinous ligaments. The posterior sacroiliac ligaments remain intact, preventing vertical instability. An APC III injury involves complete disruption of both anterior and posterior SI ligaments, resulting in spinopelvic dissociation.

Question 508

Topic: Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma

According to the Young-Burgess classification system for pelvic ring fractures, an Anteroposterior Compression Type III (APC-III) injury is characterized by complete pelvic instability. This requires the disruption of the anterior ring as well as which of the following ligamentous structures?

. Anterior sacroiliac ligaments only

. Anterior sacroiliac ligaments, posterior sacroiliac ligaments, sacrotuberous, and sacrospinous ligaments

. Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments only

. Posterior sacroiliac ligaments and iliolumbar ligaments only

. Sacrospinous and iliolumbar ligaments only

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Anterior sacroiliac ligaments, posterior sacroiliac ligaments, sacrotuberous, and sacrospinous ligaments

Explanation

An APC-III injury indicates complete dissociation of the hemipelvis from the sacrum. It is characterized by symphyseal diastasis (or anterior rami fractures) along with complete disruption of the pelvic floor (sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments) and both the anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments, leading to complete rotational and vertical instability.

Question 509

Topic: Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma

A 25-year-old male is involved in a high-speed motor vehicle collision and sustains an APC-II pelvic ring injury. What is the primary anatomic structure disrupted that defines this specific injury pattern?

. Anterior sacroiliac ligaments

. Posterior sacroiliac ligaments

. Sacrotuberous ligament

. Iliolumbar ligament

. Sacrospinous ligament

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Posterior sacroiliac ligaments

Explanation

An APC-II (Anteroposterior Compression II) pelvic fracture is characterized by widening of the pubic symphysis and disruption of the anterior sacroiliac ligaments, sacrotuberous, and sacrospinous ligaments. The posterior sacroiliac ligaments remain intact, maintaining vertical stability.

Question 510

Topic: Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma

Figure 68 shows the MRI scan of a 13-year-old boy who has had knee pain and swelling following training lessons for ski racing for the past 6 months. The only abnormal finding on physical examination is an effusion. Management should consist of

. Cast immobilization for 6 weeks

. Activity modification and re-evaluation in 2 months

. Internal fixation with or without bone grafting

. Retrograde drilling of the defect without articular cartilage penetration

. Drilling of the defect directly through the articular cartilage

. repair or reconstruction of the medial collateral ligament

. repair or reconstruction of the medialand lateral collateral ligaments

. immobilization for 5 days or less

. immobilization for 14 days

. immobilization for 25 days

. Cystinosis

. Hypophosphatemia

. Renal osteodystrophy

. Primary hyperparathyroidism

. Nutritional vitamin D deficiency

. Lateral meniscus tear

. Popliteus tenosynovitis

. Iliotibial band friction syndrome

. Peroneal nerve entrapment

. Biceps tendinitis

. Observation

. Removal of the prosthetic components

. Operative exploration and decompression of the peroneal nerve

. Nerve conduction velocity studies

. Loosening of the primary dressings and knee flexion to 30 degrees

. I

. II

. III

. decreased tissue tension

. decreased abductor lever arm

. decreased joint reaction force

. increased body weight over lever arm

!. increased polyethylene wear rate

". recurrent traumatic anterior dislocation

#. recurrent traumatic posterior dislocation

$. traumatic subluxation with no previous dislocation

%. traumatic anterior subluxation

&. atraumatic involuntary subluxation

'. radial

(. axillary

). suprascapular

*. thoracodorsal

+. long thoracic

,. Flexion

-. Extension

.. Axial rotation

/. Left lateral bending

0. Right lateral bending

1. Skin

2. Lung

3. Brain

4. Heart

5. Kidney

6. Thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular

7. Thoracoacromial, anterior humeral circumflex, posterior humeral circumflex

8. Posterior humeral circumflex, subscapular, thoracacromial

9. Subscapular, thoracacromial, anterior humeral circumflex

:. Lateral thoracic, anterior humeral circumflex, thoracacromial

;. Respondeat superior

<. Indemnity agreement

=. Hold harmless agreement- attempt to shift liability from company to physician

>. Comparative negligence-% of involvement

?. Contributory negligence- resident contributed to the negligence

@. t-type

A. both column

B. transverse

C. anterior column

D. anterior column posterior hemitransverse

E. Posterior interosseous

F. Anterior interosseous

G. Radial

H. Median

I. Ulnar

J. Shock from hypovolemia

K. Associated rupture of the bladder

L. Arterial bleeding on pelvic angiogram

M. Presence of a hematoma in the perineum and scrotum

N. Fractures of both the anterior and posterior pelvic ring

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Cast immobilization for 6 weeks

Explanation

Question 511

Topic: Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma

Following closed reduction for the injury shown in Figures 69a and 69b, treatment should consist of

. repair or reconstruction of the medial collateral ligament

. repair or reconstruction of the medialand lateral collateral ligaments

. immobilization for 5 days or less

. immobilization for 14 days

. immobilization for 25 days

. Cystinosis

. Hypophosphatemia

. Renal osteodystrophy

. Primary hyperparathyroidism

. Nutritional vitamin D deficiency

. Lateral meniscus tear

. Popliteus tenosynovitis

. Iliotibial band friction syndrome

. Peroneal nerve entrapment

. Biceps tendinitis

. Observation

. Removal of the prosthetic components

. Operative exploration and decompression of the peroneal nerve

. Nerve conduction velocity studies

. Loosening of the primary dressings and knee flexion to 30 degrees

. I

. II

. III

. decreased tissue tension

. decreased abductor lever arm

. decreased joint reaction force

. increased body weight over lever arm

. increased polyethylene wear rate

. recurrent traumatic anterior dislocation

. recurrent traumatic posterior dislocation

. traumatic subluxation with no previous dislocation

. traumatic anterior subluxation

!. atraumatic involuntary subluxation

". radial

#. axillary

$. suprascapular

%. thoracodorsal

&. long thoracic

'. Flexion

(. Extension

). Axial rotation

*. Left lateral bending

+. Right lateral bending

,. Skin

-. Lung

.. Brain

/. Heart

0. Kidney

1. Thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular

2. Thoracoacromial, anterior humeral circumflex, posterior humeral circumflex

3. Posterior humeral circumflex, subscapular, thoracacromial

4. Subscapular, thoracacromial, anterior humeral circumflex

5. Lateral thoracic, anterior humeral circumflex, thoracacromial

6. Respondeat superior

7. Indemnity agreement

8. Hold harmless agreement- attempt to shift liability from company to physician

9. Comparative negligence-% of involvement

:. Contributory negligence- resident contributed to the negligence

;. t-type

<. both column

=. transverse

>. anterior column

?. anterior column posterior hemitransverse

@. Posterior interosseous

A. Anterior interosseous

B. Radial

C. Median

D. Ulnar

E. Shock from hypovolemia

F. Associated rupture of the bladder

G. Arterial bleeding on pelvic angiogram

H. Presence of a hematoma in the perineum and scrotum

I. Fractures of both the anterior and posterior pelvic ring

Correct Answer & Explanation

. repair or reconstruction of the medial collateral ligament

Explanation

Question 512

Topic: Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma

A 3-year old child from an isolated mountain area is evaluated for multiple medical problems, including vomiting, loss of appetite, polyuria, and failure to thrive. History reveals the child was normal at birth. The parents, who appear healthy, are second cousins and have two other children who are normal. The parents state that they know of another family member who died at age 6 years after a similar medical history. Radiographs of the lower extremities show bowing of the long bones with cupping and widening of the physes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

. Cystinosis

. Hypophosphatemia

. Renal osteodystrophy

. Primary hyperparathyroidism

. Nutritional vitamin D deficiency

. Lateral meniscus tear

. Popliteus tenosynovitis

. Iliotibial band friction syndrome

. Peroneal nerve entrapment

. Biceps tendinitis

. Observation

. Removal of the prosthetic components

. Operative exploration and decompression of the peroneal nerve

. Nerve conduction velocity studies

. Loosening of the primary dressings and knee flexion to 30 degrees

. I

. II

. III

. decreased tissue tension

. decreased abductor lever arm

. decreased joint reaction force

. increased body weight over lever arm

. increased polyethylene wear rate

. recurrent traumatic anterior dislocation

. recurrent traumatic posterior dislocation

. traumatic subluxation with no previous dislocation

. traumatic anterior subluxation

. atraumatic involuntary subluxation

. radial

. axillary

. suprascapular

. thoracodorsal

!. long thoracic

". Flexion

#. Extension

$. Axial rotation

%. Left lateral bending

&. Right lateral bending

'. Skin

(. Lung

). Brain

*. Heart

+. Kidney

,. Thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular

-. Thoracoacromial, anterior humeral circumflex, posterior humeral circumflex

.. Posterior humeral circumflex, subscapular, thoracacromial

/. Subscapular, thoracacromial, anterior humeral circumflex

0. Lateral thoracic, anterior humeral circumflex, thoracacromial

1. Respondeat superior

2. Indemnity agreement

3. Hold harmless agreement- attempt to shift liability from company to physician

4. Comparative negligence-% of involvement

5. Contributory negligence- resident contributed to the negligence

6. t-type

7. both column

8. transverse

9. anterior column

:. anterior column posterior hemitransverse

;. Posterior interosseous

<. Anterior interosseous

=. Radial

>. Median

?. Ulnar

@. Shock from hypovolemia

A. Associated rupture of the bladder

B. Arterial bleeding on pelvic angiogram

C. Presence of a hematoma in the perineum and scrotum

D. Fractures of both the anterior and posterior pelvic ring

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Cystinosis

Explanation

Question 513

Topic: Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma

A 26 year-old marathon runner reports lateral knee pain after hill training. Examination reveals no effusion; and results of Ober’s test are positive. What is the most likely diagnosis?

. Lateral meniscus tear

. Popliteus tenosynovitis

. Iliotibial band friction syndrome

. Peroneal nerve entrapment

. Biceps tendinitis

. Observation

. Removal of the prosthetic components

. Operative exploration and decompression of the peroneal nerve

. Nerve conduction velocity studies

. Loosening of the primary dressings and knee flexion to 30 degrees

. I

. II

. III

. decreased tissue tension

. decreased abductor lever arm

. decreased joint reaction force

. increased body weight over lever arm

. increased polyethylene wear rate

. recurrent traumatic anterior dislocation

. recurrent traumatic posterior dislocation

. traumatic subluxation with no previous dislocation

. traumatic anterior subluxation

. atraumatic involuntary subluxation

. radial

. axillary

. suprascapular

. thoracodorsal

. long thoracic

. Flexion

. Extension

. Axial rotation

. Left lateral bending

!. Right lateral bending

". Skin

#. Lung

$. Brain

%. Heart

&. Kidney

'. Thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular

(. Thoracoacromial, anterior humeral circumflex, posterior humeral circumflex

). Posterior humeral circumflex, subscapular, thoracacromial

*. Subscapular, thoracacromial, anterior humeral circumflex

+. Lateral thoracic, anterior humeral circumflex, thoracacromial

,. Respondeat superior

-. Indemnity agreement

.. Hold harmless agreement- attempt to shift liability from company to physician

/. Comparative negligence-% of involvement

0. Contributory negligence- resident contributed to the negligence

1. t-type

2. both column

3. transverse

4. anterior column

5. anterior column posterior hemitransverse

6. Posterior interosseous

7. Anterior interosseous

8. Radial

9. Median

:. Ulnar

;. Shock from hypovolemia

<. Associated rupture of the bladder

=. Arterial bleeding on pelvic angiogram

>. Presence of a hematoma in the perineum and scrotum

?. Fractures of both the anterior and posterior pelvic ring

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Lateral meniscus tear

Explanation

Question 514

Topic: Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma

A patient in the recovery room has weakness of the extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior muscles following a total knee replacement. Initial management should consist of

. Observation

. Removal of the prosthetic components

. Operative exploration and decompression of the peroneal nerve

. Nerve conduction velocity studies

. Loosening of the primary dressings and knee flexion to 30 degrees

. I

. II

. III

. decreased tissue tension

. decreased abductor lever arm

. decreased joint reaction force

. increased body weight over lever arm

. increased polyethylene wear rate

. recurrent traumatic anterior dislocation

. recurrent traumatic posterior dislocation

. traumatic subluxation with no previous dislocation

. traumatic anterior subluxation

. atraumatic involuntary subluxation

. radial

. axillary

. suprascapular

. thoracodorsal

. long thoracic

. Flexion

. Extension

. Axial rotation

. Left lateral bending

. Right lateral bending

. Skin

. Lung

. Brain

. Heart

!. Kidney

". Thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular

#. Thoracoacromial, anterior humeral circumflex, posterior humeral circumflex

$. Posterior humeral circumflex, subscapular, thoracacromial

%. Subscapular, thoracacromial, anterior humeral circumflex

&. Lateral thoracic, anterior humeral circumflex, thoracacromial

'. Respondeat superior

(. Indemnity agreement

). Hold harmless agreement- attempt to shift liability from company to physician

*. Comparative negligence-% of involvement

+. Contributory negligence- resident contributed to the negligence

,. t-type

-. both column

.. transverse

/. anterior column

0. anterior column posterior hemitransverse

1. Posterior interosseous

2. Anterior interosseous

3. Radial

4. Median

5. Ulnar

6. Shock from hypovolemia

7. Associated rupture of the bladder

8. Arterial bleeding on pelvic angiogram

9. Presence of a hematoma in the perineum and scrotum

:. Fractures of both the anterior and posterior pelvic ring

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Observation

Explanation

Question 515

Topic: Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma

A 45-year-old woman has a deep soft-tissue mass in the thigh. The MRI scan Shows a 12-cm heterogenous mass that is deep to the fascia, and the CT scan Shows three small (5 to 10 mm) peripheral, noncalcified pulmonary nodules. What is the stage of disease according to the staging system of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society?

1/. 1

2/. 2

. I

. II

. III

. decreased tissue tension

. decreased abductor lever arm

. decreased joint reaction force

. increased body weight over lever arm

. increased polyethylene wear rate

. recurrent traumatic anterior dislocation

. recurrent traumatic posterior dislocation

. traumatic subluxation with no previous dislocation

. traumatic anterior subluxation

. atraumatic involuntary subluxation

. radial

. axillary

. suprascapular

. thoracodorsal

. long thoracic

. Flexion

. Extension

. Axial rotation

. Left lateral bending

. Right lateral bending

. Skin

. Lung

. Brain

. Heart

. Kidney

. Thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular

. Thoracoacromial, anterior humeral circumflex, posterior humeral circumflex

. Posterior humeral circumflex, subscapular, thoracacromial

. Subscapular, thoracacromial, anterior humeral circumflex

!. Lateral thoracic, anterior humeral circumflex, thoracacromial

". Respondeat superior

#. Indemnity agreement

$. Hold harmless agreement- attempt to shift liability from company to physician

%. Comparative negligence-% of involvement

&. Contributory negligence- resident contributed to the negligence

'. t-type

(. both column

). transverse

*. anterior column

+. anterior column posterior hemitransverse

,. Posterior interosseous

-. Anterior interosseous

.. Radial

/. Median

0. Ulnar

1. Shock from hypovolemia

2. Associated rupture of the bladder

3. Arterial bleeding on pelvic angiogram

4. Presence of a hematoma in the perineum and scrotum

5. Fractures of both the anterior and posterior pelvic ring

Correct Answer & Explanation

. I

Explanation

Question 516

Topic: Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma

For which of the following conditions will a rehabilitation program for shoulder instability most likely result in a satisfactory response?

. recurrent traumatic anterior dislocation

. recurrent traumatic posterior dislocation

. traumatic subluxation with no previous dislocation

. traumatic anterior subluxation

. atraumatic involuntary subluxation

. radial

. axillary

. suprascapular

. thoracodorsal

. long thoracic

. Flexion

. Extension

. Axial rotation

. Left lateral bending

. Right lateral bending

. Skin

. Lung

. Brain

. Heart

. Kidney

. Thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular

. Thoracoacromial, anterior humeral circumflex, posterior humeral circumflex

. Posterior humeral circumflex, subscapular, thoracacromial

. Subscapular, thoracacromial, anterior humeral circumflex

. Lateral thoracic, anterior humeral circumflex, thoracacromial

. Respondeat superior

. Indemnity agreement

. Hold harmless agreement- attempt to shift liability from company to physician

. Comparative negligence-% of involvement

. Contributory negligence- resident contributed to the negligence

. t-type

. both column

!. transverse

". anterior column

#. anterior column posterior hemitransverse

$. Posterior interosseous

%. Anterior interosseous

&. Radial

'. Median

(. Ulnar

). Shock from hypovolemia

*. Associated rupture of the bladder

+. Arterial bleeding on pelvic angiogram

,. Presence of a hematoma in the perineum and scrotum

-. Fractures of both the anterior and posterior pelvic ring

Correct Answer & Explanation

. recurrent traumatic anterior dislocation

Explanation

Question 517

Topic: Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma

A branch of what nerve is at risk for injury when vigorous superior/medial retraction is applied to the interval between the teres minor and the infraspinatus during a posterior approach to the shoulder?

. radial

. axillary

. suprascapular

. thoracodorsal

. long thoracic

. Flexion

. Extension

. Axial rotation

. Left lateral bending

. Right lateral bending

. Skin

. Lung

. Brain

. Heart

. Kidney

. Thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular

. Thoracoacromial, anterior humeral circumflex, posterior humeral circumflex

. Posterior humeral circumflex, subscapular, thoracacromial

. Subscapular, thoracacromial, anterior humeral circumflex

. Lateral thoracic, anterior humeral circumflex, thoracacromial

. Respondeat superior

. Indemnity agreement

. Hold harmless agreement- attempt to shift liability from company to physician

. Comparative negligence-% of involvement

. Contributory negligence- resident contributed to the negligence

. t-type

. both column

. transverse

. anterior column

. anterior column posterior hemitransverse

. Posterior interosseous

. Anterior interosseous

!. Radial

". Median

#. Ulnar

$. Shock from hypovolemia

%. Associated rupture of the bladder

&. Arterial bleeding on pelvic angiogram

'. Presence of a hematoma in the perineum and scrotum

(. Fractures of both the anterior and posterior pelvic ring

Correct Answer & Explanation

. radial

Explanation

Question 518

Topic: Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma

Figures 70a and 70b show the sagittal MRI scan and axial CT of a patient who has decreased range of motion in the cervical spine. In which of the following directions would the cervical motion be most significantly limited?

. Flexion

. Extension

. Axial rotation

. Left lateral bending

. Right lateral bending

. Skin

. Lung

. Brain

. Heart

. Kidney

. Thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular

. Thoracoacromial, anterior humeral circumflex, posterior humeral circumflex

. Posterior humeral circumflex, subscapular, thoracacromial

. Subscapular, thoracacromial, anterior humeral circumflex

. Lateral thoracic, anterior humeral circumflex, thoracacromial

. Respondeat superior

. Indemnity agreement

. Hold harmless agreement- attempt to shift liability from company to physician

. Comparative negligence-% of involvement

. Contributory negligence- resident contributed to the negligence

. t-type

. both column

. transverse

. anterior column

. anterior column posterior hemitransverse

. Posterior interosseous

. Anterior interosseous

. Radial

. Median

. Ulnar

. Shock from hypovolemia

. Associated rupture of the bladder

!. Arterial bleeding on pelvic angiogram

". Presence of a hematoma in the perineum and scrotum

#. Fractures of both the anterior and posterior pelvic ring

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Flexion

Explanation

Question 519

Topic: Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma

A 32 yr old man with oxalosis is scheduled for a surgical treatment of spinal stenosis. Which of the following organs is most likely to show signs of systemic oxalosis during a preoperative assessment?

. Skin

. Lung

. Brain

. Heart

. Kidney

. Thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular

. Thoracoacromial, anterior humeral circumflex, posterior humeral circumflex

. Posterior humeral circumflex, subscapular, thoracacromial

. Subscapular, thoracacromial, anterior humeral circumflex

. Lateral thoracic, anterior humeral circumflex, thoracacromial

. Respondeat superior

. Indemnity agreement

. Hold harmless agreement- attempt to shift liability from company to physician

. Comparative negligence-% of involvement

. Contributory negligence- resident contributed to the negligence

. t-type

. both column

. transverse

. anterior column

. anterior column posterior hemitransverse

. Posterior interosseous

. Anterior interosseous

. Radial

. Median

. Ulnar

. Shock from hypovolemia

. Associated rupture of the bladder

. Arterial bleeding on pelvic angiogram

. Presence of a hematoma in the perineum and scrotum

. Fractures of both the anterior and posterior pelvic ring

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Skin

Explanation

Question 520

Topic: Pelvic & Acetabular Trauma

Which of the following lists the correct order of the branches of the axillary artery from proximal to distal?

. Thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular

. Thoracoacromial, anterior humeral circumflex, posterior humeral circumflex

. Posterior humeral circumflex, subscapular, thoracacromial

. Subscapular, thoracacromial, anterior humeral circumflex

. Lateral thoracic, anterior humeral circumflex, thoracacromial

. Respondeat superior

. Indemnity agreement

. Hold harmless agreement- attempt to shift liability from company to physician

. Comparative negligence-% of involvement

. Contributory negligence- resident contributed to the negligence

. t-type

. both column

. transverse

. anterior column

. anterior column posterior hemitransverse

. Posterior interosseous

. Anterior interosseous

. Radial

. Median

. Ulnar

. Shock from hypovolemia

. Associated rupture of the bladder

. Arterial bleeding on pelvic angiogram

. Presence of a hematoma in the perineum and scrotum

. Fractures of both the anterior and posterior pelvic ring

Correct Answer & Explanation

. Thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular

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