.
low-dose radiation
.
steroid injection
.
a load-relieving insert and shoe modification
.
complete excision of the mass and the entire plantar fascia
.
wide excision of the mass with a 2 cm margin of normal fascia
.
CT scan of the chest
.
technetium bone scan
.
bone marrow aspiration
.
serum protein electrophoresis
.
lateral skull radiograph
.
high-grade histology of the initial tumor
.
multiple local recurrences after curettage
.
previous treatment of the tumor with cryotherapy
.
previous treatment of the tumor with radiation therapy
.
extraosseous extension into two or more adjacent compartments
.
Dorsal rhizotomy and facet joint fusion
.
Multilevel corpectomy and spinal stabilization
.
Central and lateral recess decompression and bilateral foraminotomy
.
Central decompression and facet joint fusion
.
Central decompression, foraminotomy, and spinal fusion from L2 to L5.
.
Inadequate rehabilitation
.
Displacement of the coronoid process fracture
.
Insufficiency of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament
.
Insufficiency of the anterior band of the medial collateral ligament
.
Insufficiency of the posterior band of the medial collateral ligament
.
Osteotomy and intramedullary rod fixation
.
Electrical stimulation
.
Strut-autografing the concavity the tibia
.
A patellar tendon-bearing brace
.
Percutaneous injection of demineralized bone matrix
.
digoxin
.
sucralfate
!.
clindamycin
".
alcohol
#.
neuromuscular blocking agents
$.
Unrestrained roll-back
%.
Unrestrained rotational conformity
&.
Medial-Lateral conformity
'.
Anteroposterior conformity in flexion
(.
Anteroposterior conformity in extension
).
Arthrodesis of the MTP joint
*.
A Silastic implant of the MTP joint
+.
Resection arthroplasty of the MTP joint
,.
Cheilctomy of the MTP joint
-.
Osteotomy of the base of the proximal phalanx
..
Genu varum
/.
Tarsal coalition
0.
Degenerative ankle arthrosis
1.
Osteochondritis dissecans of the talus
2.
Hemihypertrophy of the ipsilateral lower extremity
3.
Trabecular bone is preferentially resorbed in this high bone turnover state
4.
Loss of water content in the disk increases impact load to the vetrebral bodies
5.
Stress is imposed by the relative stiffness of the arthrtic facet joints
6.
Increased energy demands are imposed by decreased circulation to the vertebral body
7.
The thick cortical bone found in the vertebral body resorbs rapidly following estrogen withdrawal
8.
Increased time in stance and swing phase
9.
Addition of a double leg float phase
:.
Decreased vertical ground reaction forces
;.
Decreased arc of motion in the hip, knee, and ankle
<.
Decreased joint reaction forces in the hip, knee, and ankle
=.
Talonavicular arthrodesis
>.
Medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy
?.
Flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer with spring ligament advancement
@.
Triple arthrodesis
A.
Calcaneocuboid distraction arthrodesis and repair of the posterior tibial tendon
B.
Lymphoma
C.
Hemangioma
D.
Osteosarcoma
E.
TB of the spine
F.
Metastatic breast carcinoma
G.
widening and shortening of the heel.
H.
weakness of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex.
I.
anterior impingement from a horizontal talus.
J.
unrecognized compartment syndrome of the foot.
K.
degenerative arthritis of the tibiotalar joint.
L.
a corrective osteotomy
M.
application of braces
N.
medial physeal stapling until the varus corrects
O.
observation
P.
application of corrective casts
Q.
a total contact cast.
R.
electrical stimulation.
S.
an off the shelf fracture brace.
T.
an elastic compression bandage and crutches.
U.
a hard soled shoe until the patient is asymptomatic.
V.
Ewings tumor
W.
Parosteal osteosarcoma
X.
Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma
Y.
Low grade intramedullary chondrosarcoma
Z.
High grade intramedullary osteosarcoma
[.
Vascular injury
\.
Tear of the rotator cuff
].
Injury to the brachial plexus
^.
Fracture of the upper thoracic rib
_.
Fracture of the proximal humerus
`.
Biceps
A.
Trapezius
B.
Infraspinatus
C.
Pectoralis major
D.
Serratus anterior
E.
Hybrid total hip arthroplasty
F.
Noncemental hemiarthroplasty of the hip
G.
Closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation
H.
Open reduction through an anterior approach to the hip
I.
Excision of the head fragment
J.
a quadratus femoris pediclebone graft
K.
a proximal femoral allograft
L.
intertrochanteric osteotomy
M.
total hip arthroplasty
N.
hip hemiarthroplasty
O.
Echocardiogram
P.
Electrocardiogram
Q.
Radiograph of the chest
R.
CT scan of the shoulder
S.
Ultrasound of the shoulder
T.
Ilioinguinal
U.
Extended iliofemoral
V.
Combined ilioinguinal and Kocher-Langenbeck (posterior)
W.
Kocher-Langenbeck (posterior)
X.
Kocher-Langenbeck (posterior) with trochanteric osteotomy
Y.
Deltoid
Z.
Supraspinatus
{.
Subscapularis Infraspinatus
|.
Infraspinatus
}.
Infraspinatus and teres minor
~.
an orthosis.
.
observation.
.
electrical stimulation.
.
open reduction and internal fixation.
.
application of a nonweightbearing short leg cast.
.
repair of the rotator cuff.
.
rehabilitation of the shoulder
.
replacement of the humeral head.
.
arthroscopic acromioplasty and debridement.
.
immobilization is a sling until pain resolves.
.
Bone rotation versus torque applied
.
Bone deflection versus bending moment applied
.
Axial displacement versus tension applied
.
Lateral translation versus shear force applied
.
Fracture gap closing versus compressive force applied
.
steroid injection
.
stretching of the heel cord
.
surgical release of the plantar fascia
.
application of a short leg cast for 6 to 8 weeks
.
wearing dorsiflexion night splints
.
Open bladder
.
Bilateral “hitchhiker’s” thumbs
.
Bilateral defects in the midclavicles
.
Rhizomelic shortening of the extremities
.
Radiographic fragmentation of all major epiphyses
.
Medial patellotibial
.
Medial patellofemoral
.
Medial patellomeniscal
.
Lateral patellofemoral
.
Lateral patellotibial
.
Heat
.
Gentle active flexion-extension exercises
.
Isokinetic strengthening
.
Electrical muscle stimulation
.
Immobilization of the limb with the knee in full flexion
¡.
Distal chevron osteotomy with soft-tissue release
¢.
Distal soft-tissue realignment only
£.
Closing wedge osteotomy (Aken) of the proximal phalanx
¤.
Proximal first metatarsal osteotomy only
¥.
Soft-tissue realignment with a proximal metatarsal osteotomy
¦.
Vagus
§.
Phrenic
¨.
Hypoglossal
©.
Recurrent laryngeal
ª.
Inferior thyroid
«.
Surgical exploration
¬.
Application of leeches
.
Stellate ganglion blocks
®.
Intra-arterial streptokinase
¯.
Elevation and reevaluation in 1 hour
°.
Liver profile
±.
Myleogram
².
Platelet count
³.
CT scan of the head
´.
Angiogram of the extremity
Μ.
Post spinal fusion from L5to S1
¶.
Primary repair with an iliac bone graft
·.
Post spinal fusion of L4-5
¸.
A pantaloon body cast and 6 weeks of bed rest
¹.
Rest, NSAIDS, and limited dancing
º.
Stress fracture of the proximal fifth metatarsal
».
Stress fracture of the base of the second metatarsal
¼.
Stress fracture of the neck of the second metatarsal
½.
Morton’s neuroma
¾.
Lisfranc’s joint subluxation
¿.
C5 radiculopathy
À.
Subscapularis rupture
Á.
Glenohumeral arthrosis
Â.
Rotator cuff arthropathy
Ã.
Suprascapular nerve compression at the spinoglenoid notch
Ä.
mm femoral head in combination with a metal-backed polyethylene component
Å.
mm femoral head in combination with an all-polyethylene acetabular component
Æ.
mm femoral head in combination with a metal-backed polyethylene component
Ç.
mm femoral head in combination with an all-polyethylene component
È.
mm femoral head in combination with a metal-backed polyethylene component
É.
Female gender
Ê.
History of cigarette smoking
Ë.
L5-S1 spondylolisthesis on pre-employment radiography
Ì.
Decreased strength of the lower extremities on pre-employment testing
Í.
Decreased flexibility of the lumbar spine on pre-employment testing
Î.
Size of cells
Ï.
Amount of DNA in cells
Ð.
Nucleus-cytoplasm ratio
Ñ.
Specific DNA sequences
Ò.
Specific messenger RNA sequences
Ó.
Femoral and obturator nerves
Ô.
Femoral and superior gluteal nerves
Õ.
Femoral and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves
Ö.
Obturator and superior gluteal nerves
×.
Obturator and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves
Ø.
Isotonic
Ù.
Isokinetic
Ú.
Isometric
Û.
Open kinetic chain
Ü.
Dynamic variable resistance
Ý.
Closed reduction and cast immobilization
Þ.
Uniplanar external fixation
SS.
Open reduction and internal fixation with a dynamic compression plate
À.
Unreamed intramedullary rod
Á.
Multiple plane external fixator
Â.
Inlet view of the pelvis
Ã.
Outlet view of the pelvis
Ä.
AP view of the hip
Å.
Ilial oblique view (external oblique) of the hip
Æ.
Obturator oblique
Ç.
Glycolytic pathway
È.
Oxidative phosphorylation
É.
Breakdown of fat
Ê.
Breakdown of protein
Ë.
Breakdown of adenosine triphosphate
Ì.
an MRI scan
Í.
arthroscopic examination
Î.
AP and frog-lateral radiographs of the pelvis and hips
Ï.
varus and valgus stress radiographs of the knee
Ð.
physical examination of the knee under anesthesia
Ñ.
extended curettage and polymethylmethacrylate cementation
Ò.
extra-articular resection of the knee and an allograft arthrodesis
Ó.
wide resection of the proximal tibia and custom prosthetic replacement
Ô.
prophylactic internal fixation and postoperative irradiation
Õ.
excision of the lateral condyle and reconstruction with a hemicondylar allograft
Ö.
silicone implant joint replacement
÷.
metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis
Ø.
metatarsophalangeal joint debridement
Ù.
resection of the metatarsal head
Ú.
resection of the base of the proximal phalanx
Û.
Fixation of the syndesmosis has failed
Ü.
Widening of the ankle mortise has led to the failure of fixation
Ý.
Infection around the syndesmosis screw has led to osteomyelitis
Þ.
The syndesmosis screw is broken
Ÿ.
Motion between the tibia and fibula has caused loosening of the syndesmosis screw
Ā.
Microcephaly
Ā.
A temporal lobe cyst
Ă.
An Arnold-Chiari type 1 malformation
Ă.
Periventricular leukomalacia
Ą.
Agnesis of the corpus callosum
Ą.
Wolff’s
Ć.
Hooke’s
Ć.
Hilton’s
Ĉ.
Muller-Haeckel
Ĉ.
Heuter-Volkmann
Ċ.
Both the anterolateral and posteromedial bands are isometric and do not significantly change with flexion
Ċ.
The anterolateral band is lax and becomes tight in flexion, while the posteromedial band is tight, and becomes lax in flexion
Č.
The anterolateral band is tight and becomes lax in flexion, while the posteromedial band is lax and becomes tight in flexion
Č.
Both the anterolateral and posteromedial bands are lax and become tight in flexion
Ď.
Both the anterolateral and posteromedial bands are tight and become lax as the knee is flexed
Ď.
UCB orthosis
Đ.
Rigid orthosis with a medical arch support
Đ.
Semi-rigid orthosis with lateral forefoot posting
Ē.
Semi-rigid orthosis with a medial arch support
Ē.
Medial heel wedge attached to the running shoes
Ĕ.
Hallux varus
Ĕ.
Osteonecrosis
Ė.
Recurrence of the hallux valgus
Ė.
“Transfer” second metatarsalgia
Ę.
Physeal arrest of the first metatarsal
Ę.
Aseptic loosening in a 70-year-old patient
Ě.
Mechanical failure of a hinged knee prosthesis
Ě.
Failed knee replacement complicated by reflex sympathetic dystrophy
Ĝ.
Infection with soft-tissue deficit
Ĝ.
A prior patellectomy
Ğ.
Knee fusion
Ğ.
Open irrigation and debridement
Ġ.
Arthroscopic irrigation and debridement
Ġ.
One-stage exchange arthroplasty
Ģ.
Two-stage exchange arthroplasty
Ģ.
Putti-platt repair
Ĥ.
Open Bankart repair
Ĥ.
Injection of a subacromial corticosteroid
Ħ.
Arthroscopic transglenoid capsular shift
Ħ.
Rehabilitation of the scapular and rotator cuff muscles
Ĩ.
Silicone suction socket and an energy-absorbing foot
Ĩ.
Silicone suction socket and a variable resistance ankle
Ī.
Plastic suction socket, telescoping pylon, and a solid ankle cushioned heel (SACH) foot
Ī.
Plastic socket with a hinged thigh cuff and a SACH foot
Ĭ.
Patellar tendon-bearing suction socket and a uniaxial hydraulic ankle
Ĭ.
Parosteal
Į.
Periosteal
Į.
High-grade intramedullary
İ.
Osteosarcoma occurring in Paget’s disease
I.
Osteosarcoma occurring in irradiated bone
IJ.
Cauda equina
IJ.
Conus medullaris
Ĵ.
Genitofemoral nerve
Ĵ.
Lumbar sympathetic plexus
Ķ.
Lumbar parasympathetic plexus
Ķ.
Spinal pseudoarthrosis
ĸ.
Spinal cord traction injury with paralysis
Ĺ.
Arterial and venous thromboses
Ĺ.
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Ļ.
Crankshaft phenomenon
Ļ.
Inversion stress radiograph
Ľ.
MRI scan
Ľ.
CT scan
Ŀ.
Nuclear bone scan
Ŀ.
External rotation stress radiograph
Ł.
Complex deformity with an angulation in two planes
Ł.
Single deformity less than 20 degrees, apex posterolateral
Ń.
Single deformity greater than 30 degrees, apex posterolateral
Ń.
Single deformity less than 20 degrees, apex posteromedial
Ņ.
Single deformity greater than 30 degrees, apex posteromedial
Ņ.
Pronation of the foot during the stance phase of gait
Ň.
Heel inversion at the beginning of a single limb heel rise
Ň.
Active inversion of the nonweightbearing foot
ʼN.
Active plantar flexion of the first ray against resistance
Ŋ.
Active plantar flexion of the foot during the push-off phase of gait
Ŋ.
Observation and repeat radiographs in 4 months
Ō.
Application of a thoracolumbalsacral orthosis for 22 to 24 hours per day
Ō.
Electrical stimulation at night
Ŏ.
Physical therapy
Ŏ.
Begins to remodel and hypertrophy more quickly
Ő.
Provides a better scaffold for osteoconduction
Ő.
Reduces the risk of early fracture
Œ.
Reduces technical difficulty
Œ.
Lowers donor site morbidity
Ŕ.
Anterior fusion of the lumbar curve
Ŕ.
Anterior and posterior fusion of the thoracic curve
Ŗ.
Posterior fusion of the thoracic curve
Ŗ.
Posterior fusion of the thoracic and lumbar curves
Ř.
Application of a brace until the iliac apophyses are Risser 4 or 5, followed by surgical correction
Ř.
Subscapularis rupture
Ś.
Type III SLAP lesion
Ś.
Disruption of capsular shift
Ŝ.
Isolated traumatic subluxation
Ŝ.
Injury to the axillary nerve after dislocation
Ş.
hypophosphatemia
Ş.
high dietary cholesterol intake
Š.
deficiency of lipoprotein A
Š.
deficiency of protein S and protein C
Ţ.
elevated levels of antithrombin III
Ţ.
Weightbearing short leg cast
Ť.
Nonweightbearing short leg cast
Ť.
Removable splint and early motion
Ŧ.
Open reduction and internal fixation
Ŧ.
Elastic compression bandage with full weightbearing
Ũ.
Breast
Ũ.
Prostate
Ū.
Gastrointestinal
Ū.
Kidney
Ŭ.
Multiple myeloma
Ŭ.
Varus stress
Ů.
Valgus stress
Ů.
Torsional loading
Ű.
Hyperextension of the knee
Ű.
Contraction of the quadriceps while axially loaded
Ų.
Primary internal fixation at both fracture levels
Ų.
External fixation as definitive ttt for both #
Ŵ.
Skeletal traction and delayed internal fixation of both fractures
Ŵ.
Primary internal fixation of the proximal fracture and delayed fixation of the femoral fracture
Ŷ.
Primary internal fixation of the femoral shaft fracture and delayed fixation of the proximal #
Ŷ.
Heel spur
Ÿ.
Plantar fascitis
Ź.
Dysfunction of the tibialis posterior tendon
Ź.
Compression of the first branch of the lateral plantar nerve
Ż.
Compression of the calcaneal nerve
Ż.
Displaced labral tear
Ž.
Tear of the rotator cuff
Ž.
Fracture of the glenoid rim
S.
Palsy of the axillary nerve
Ƀ.
Palsy of the musculocutaneus nerve
Ɓ.
Enchondroma
Ƃ.
Osteoblastoma
Ƃ.
Giant cell tumor
Ƅ.
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Ƅ.
Fibrous dysplasia
Ɔ.
Arthrogram of the wrist
Ƈ.
MRI scan of both wrists
Ƈ.
CT scan of both wrists in the same position
Ɖ.
Radiographs of the wrist in supination and pronation
Ɗ.
Radiographs of the opposite wrist in the same position
Ƌ.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Ƌ.
Phosphate retention secondary to uremia
ƍ.
Insufficient renal synthesis of 1, 25 dihydroxy vitamin D
Ǝ.
Aluminum deposition in bone from oral phosphate binders
Ə.
Persistent acidosis aggravating the negative calcium balance
Ɛ.
Posterior fusion at T10-L3 with segmental instrumentation
Ƒ.
Laminectomy and fusion of T12-L2 with segmental instrumentation
Ƒ.
Bed rest in a hyperextension brace
Ɠ.
L1 vertebrectomy and anterior decompression with strut graft fusion and instrumentation
Ɣ.
Progressive ambulation as tolerated in a custom-molded thoracolumbosacral orthosis
Ƕ.
Positive-pressure ventilation
Ɩ.
An immediate radiograph of the chest
Ɨ.
Adjustment of the position of the endotrachael tube
Ƙ.
Insertion of a large-bore needle into the pericardial space
Ƙ.
Insertion of a large-bore needle in the right second intercostal space, midclavicular line
Ƚ.
Allowing the ends of the fracture to touch
ƛ.
Adding a second connecting bar
Ɯ.
Adding one pin to each fracture fragment
Ɲ.
Increasing the pin diameter from 4 mm to 6 mm
Ƞ.
Decreasing the connecting bar-to-bone distance from 6 cm to 4 cm
Ɵ.
Osteomyelitis
Ơ.
Malignant degeneration
Ơ.
Stress fracture
Ƣ.
Local recurrence of the giant cell tumor
Ƣ.
Bone resorption due to methylmethacrylate
Ƥ.
Advancement of the plantar plate
Ƥ.
Resection of the second metatarsal head
Ʀ.
Dorsiflexion osteotomy of the second metatarsal neck
Ƨ.
Transfer of the flexor digitorum longus tendon to the dorsum of the toe
Ƨ.
Transfer of the extensor digitorum comminus tendon to the metatarsal neck
Ʃ.
Sacral fracture
ƪ.
Burst fracture of L5
ƫ.
Cauda equina syndrome
Ƭ.
Distraction-flexion injury at L3
Ƭ.
Distraction-extension injury at L3
Ʈ.
An MRI scan of the shoulder
Ư.
An MRI scan of the cervical spine
Ư.
Electromyographic and nerve conduction velocity studies
Ʊ.
Immobilization in a sling and early passive range of motion exercises
Ʋ.
Immediate return to the operating room for exploration of the brachial plexus
Ƴ.
cerclage wiring
Ƴ.
tension band wiring
Ƶ.
removal of the patellar component
Ƶ.
revision of the patellar component
Ʒ.
immobilization of the knee and protected weightbearing
Ƹ.
Liposarcoma
Ƹ.
Nodular fasciitis
ƺ.
Rabdomyosarcoma
ƻ.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
Ƽ.
Extra-abdominal desmoid tumor
Ƽ.
Clubfeet
ƾ.
Thrombocytopenia
Ƿ.
Congenital scoliosis
ǀ.
Ventricular septal defect
ǁ.
Arnold-Chiari malformation
ǂ.
delayed primary closure
ǃ.
free flap
DŽ.
pedicle groin flap
DŽ.
full-thickness skin graft
DŽ.
split-thickness skin graft
LJ.
Infection
LJ.
Nonunion
LJ.
Improper screw length
NJ.
Osteonecrosis of the distal fragment
NJ.
Use of a cortical screw instead of a cancellous screw
NJ.
Infection
Ǎ.
Tear of the rotator cuff
Ǎ.
Loosening of the humeral component
Ǐ.
Arthritis of the glenoid
Ǐ.
Arthritis of the A-C joint
Ǒ.
Reduced morbidity
Ǒ.
Improved osteoinduction
Ǔ.
Improved osteoconduction
Ǔ.
More rapid revascularization
Ǖ.
Lower risk of disease transmission
Ǖ.
Manipulation Under Anesthesia
Ǘ.
Arthroscopic acromioplasty
Ǘ.
Arthroscopic debridement of G-H joint
Ǚ.
Replacement of the humeral head
Ǚ.
Lengthening of the subscapularis and release of the anterior capsule
Ǜ.
Bacteroides
Ǜ.
E. coli
Ǝ.
Staph. aureus
Ǟ.
group A streptococcus
Ǟ.
Clostridium perforingens
Ǡ.
observation and exercises
Ǡ.
bracing with a thoracolumbar orthosis
Ǣ.
fusion of the posterior spine
Ǣ.
fusion of the anterior spine
Ǥ.
fusion of the anterior and posterior spine
Ǥ.
Total wrist replacement and bridge grafts
Ǧ.
palmar shelf arthroplasty and tendon transfers
Ǧ.
Darrach distal ulna resection, dorsal tenosynosynovectomy, and tendon transfers
Ǩ.
Radioscaphate fusion, extensor tenodesis, and Darrach distal ulna resection
Ǩ.
Total wrist fusion and tendon transfers
Ǫ.
constrained acetabular component
Ǫ.
protrusion ring with morselized graft
Ǭ.
cemented metal backed acetabular component
Ǭ.
cemented all-polyethylene acetabular component
Ǯ.
cementless hemispherical component with screw fixation
Ǯ.
application of a hip abduction brace for 22 hours per day
J̌.
application of a hip spica under anesthesia
DZ.
discontinuance of all bracing and repeat radiographs in 3 months
DZ.
open reduction of the hip and application of a spica cast
DZ.
open reduction, varus osteotomy, and application of a spica cast
Ǵ.
Loss of skin hair on the feet
Ǵ.
Absent pulses on vascular examination
Ƕ.
Pain that originates proximally and spreads distally
Ƿ.
Pain that is relieved by stopping and standing
Ǹ.
Pain that is worse when the patient walks uphill rather downhill
Ǹ.
wrist flexors and finger flexors
Ǻ.
elbow flexors and wrist flexors
Ǻ.
elbow flexors and finger flexors
Ǽ.
elbow extensors and wrist flexorst Level Key Muscles4 DiaphragmDeltoid, elbow flexors, diaphragmElbow flexors, wrist extensorsElbow extensors, wrist flexorsFinger flexors (distal phalanx of middlefinger)Finger abductors (5th digit), intrinsics of hand2 Segmental innervation to intercostal muscles, abdominal and paraspinal muscles) L1, L2, L3 Hip flexors3, L4 QuadricepsTibialis anteriorToe extensors, hip abductorsAnkle plantarflexors, peronei
Ǽ.
elbow extensors and wrist extensors
Ǿ.
Syndactyly
Ǿ.
Macrodactyly
Ȁ.
Camptodactyly
Ȁ.
Preaxial polydactyly
Ȃ.
Postaxial polydactyly
Ȃ.
Arthrodesis
Ȅ.
Rotationplasty
Ȅ.
Above-knee amputation
Ȇ.
Osteoarticular allograft
Ȇ.
Endoprosthesis (custom arthroplasty)
Ȉ.
Plantar fascia
Ȉ.
Spring ligament
Ȋ.
Deltoid ligament
Ȋ.
Intrinsic tendons
Ȍ.
Gastorcnemius-solelus complex
Ȍ.
Prevention of presynaptic release of acetylcholine
Ȏ.
Prevention of synthesis of presynaptic acetylcholine
Ȏ.
Activation of acetylcholinesterase at the motor end-plate
Ȑ.
Blockage of postsynaptic action of acetylcholine until reserves are depleted
Ȑ.
Stimulation of release of presynaptic acetylcholine until reserves are depleted
Ȓ.
stiffness of the femoral component.
Ȓ.
head offset of the femoral component.
Ȕ.
femoral component material modulus of elasticity.
Ȕ.
extent of the femoral component porous coating.
Ȗ.
Presence of a femoral component collar.
Ȗ.
plantar fascia and quadratus plantae tendon.
Ș.
ligamentous structures connecting the tarsal bones.
Ș.
shape of the tarsal bones and the intervening joints.
Ț.
activity of the intrinsic muscles of the foot.
Ț.
activity of the posterior tibialis and the peroneus longus muscles.
Ȝ.
scapulothoracic fusion
Ȝ.
strengthening of the periscapular muscles
Ȟ.
pectoralis minor-fascia lata graft transfer to the scapula
Ȟ.
pectoralis major-fascia lata graft transfer to the scapula
Ƞ.
exploration of the long thoracic nerve, with sural nerve graft
ȡ.
tricompartmental knee replacement
Ȣ.
unicompartmental knee replacement
Ȣ.
medial compartment meniscal allograft
Ȥ.
valgus-producing distal femoral osteotomy
Ȥ.
valgus-producing proximal tibial osteotomy
Ȧ.
Internal rotation of the femoral component
Ȧ.
External rotation of the tibial component
Ȩ.
Lateral placement of the femoral component
Ȩ.
Medial placement of the patellar component
Ȫ.
Excessive resection of the patella
Ȫ.
Hallux rigidus
Ȭ.
Hallux valgus
Ȭ.
Neuroma of the first web space
Ȯ.
Fracture of the sesamoid
Ȯ.
Rupture of the flexor hallucis longus
Ȱ.
Sickle cell crisis
Ȱ.
Idiopathic chondrolysis
Ȳ.
Hemophilic arthropathy
Ȳ.
Osteoid osteoma of the femoral neck
ȴ.
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
ȵ.
Decreased ankle jerk and positive femoral nerve stretch test
ȶ.
Decreased knee jerk and positive straight-leg raising sign
ȷ.
Gastrocnemius-soleus complex weakness and positive straight-leg raising sign
ȸ.
Weakness of the extensor hallucis longus and positive straight-leg raising sign
ȹ.
Weakness of the extensor hallucis longus and positive femoral nerve stretch test
Ⱥ.
Long-term administration of IV and oral antibiotics
Ȼ.
Open soft-tissue debridement, retention of prosthetic components, and IV antibiotics
Ȼ.
Immediate exchange arthroplasty with antibiotic-impregnated cement
Ƚ.
Two-stage surgical prosthetic exchange and IV antibiotics
Ⱦ.
Resection arthroplasty and IV antibiotics
Ȿ.
SCFE
Ɀ.
MED
Ɂ.
Perthes disease
Ɂ.
Hypothyroidism
Ƀ.
Chondrolysis
Ʉ.
gout.
Ʌ.
osteoporosis.
Ɇ.
eosinophilic granuloma.
Ɇ.
tuberculosis of the spine.
Ɉ.
metastatic disease of the spine.
Ɉ.
water content.
Ɋ.
Synthesis of type I collagen.
Ɋ.
Proteoglycan content.
Ɍ.
Activity of chondrocytes.
Ɍ.
Synthesis of hyaluronate.
Ɏ.
Lung
Ɏ.
Breast
Ɐ.
Prostate
Ɑ.
Thyroid
Ɒ.
Renal
Ɓ.
T1-low, T2-low.
Ɔ.
T1-low, T2-high.
ɕ.
T1-moderate, T2-low.
Ɖ.
T1-high, T2-low.
Ɗ.
T1-high, T2-high.
ɘ.
hypothesis is incorrect or invalid
Ə.
interobserver error rate is 4%.
ɚ.
Standard deviation is 4% higher or lower than the mean.
Ɛ.
Sample size is 4% larger than required to be clinically significant.
Ɜ.
Probability that the differences noted between two study groups were due to chance alone is 4%.
ɝ.
I
ɞ.
II
ɟ.
IV
Ɠ.
IX
Ɡ.
X
ɢ.
Cranial setting
Ɣ.
Cranial subluxation
ɤ.
Odontoid fracture
Ɥ.
Lysis of the arch of the atlas
Ɦ.
Atlantoaxial subluxation
ɧ.
Retrograde collapse of the endoneurial tubes
Ɨ.
Irreversible atrophy of the denervated muscles
Ɩ.
Elongation of the axons across the zone of injury
Ɪ.
Sprouting of the axons at the neuromuscular junction
Ɫ.
Misdirection of the axons across the zone of injury
Ɬ.
Maximally pronated and elbow extended
ɭ.
Maximally pronated and the elbow flexed
ɮ.
Maximally supinated and the elbow flexed
Ɯ.
Maximally supinated and the elbow extended
ɰ.
In neutral rotation, with the elbow extended
Ɱ.
open reduction and internal fixation
Ɲ.
buddy taping to the adjacent index finger
ɳ.
early motion with application of a dynamic banjo splint
ɴ.
application of a cast with the hand in a “safe position” for 3 weeks.
Ɵ.
dorsal extension block splinting
ɶ.
The name of the manufacturer
ɷ.
The manufacturer’s potential liability
ɸ.
The physician’s clinical performance
ɹ.
The physician’s materials testing data
ɺ.
Any royalties the physician receives from the manufacturer
ɻ.
Femoral
ɼ.
Obturator
Ɽ.
Inferior gluteal
ɾ.
Superior gluteal
ɿ.
Lateral femoral cutaneous
Ʀ.
open biopsy and a long leg cast
ʁ.
open biopsy and wide resection of the tumor
Ʂ.
a long leg cast and observation
Ʃ.
intramedullary stabilization and observation
ʄ.
Triggering
ʅ.
Lateral instability
ʆ.
Swan-neck deformity
Ʇ.
Boutonniere deformity
Ʈ.
Loss of distal interphalangeal joint flexion
Ʉ.
Peroneus brevis to peroneus longus
Ʊ.
Peroneus tertius to extensor hallucis longus
Ʋ.
Peroneus tertius to superficial peroneal nerve
Ʌ.
Extensor hallucis longus to deep peroneal nerve
ʍ.
Extensor hallucis longus to extensor digitorum longus
ʎ.
reassurance that Medicare will pay for the treatment.
ʏ.
consent forms that patients or their guardians are able to understand.
ʐ.
a detailed description of the device, omitting the fact that it is part of a study.
ʑ.
a provision that the patient’s care will be discontinued if he or she does not enroll in the study.
Ʒ.
a provision that the study will be carried out to completion, whether or not the device is as effective as those currently in existence.
ʓ.
an onlay iliac crest bone graft.
ʔ.
limited weightbearing and observation.
ʕ.
removal of the implant and limited weightbearing.
ʖ.
removal of the implant and insertion of a reamed femoral nail.
ʗ.
removal of the implant and insertion of an unreamed femoral nail.
ʘ.
Coronal
ʙ.
Sagittal
ʚ.
Anteromedial, midway between the sagittal and the coronal
ʛ.
Proximal pins sagittal, distal pins coronal
ʜ.
Proximal pins coronal, distal pins sagittal
Ʝ.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Ʞ.
Posttraumatic arthritis
ʟ.
Degenerative osteoarthritis
ʠ.
Osteonecrosis of the tibial plateau
ʡ.
Osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle
ʢ.
Trapeziometacarpal arthrodesis
ʣ.
Osteotomy of the thumb metacarpal
ʤ.
Arthrotomy and joint debridement
ʥ.
Ligament reconstruction using one half of the flexor carpi radialis
ʦ.
Trapezium resection, tendon interposition, and reconstruction of the ligament
ʧ.
Creep
ʨ.
Relaxation
ʩ.
Energy dissipation
ʪ.
Plastic deformation
ʫ.
Elastic deformation
ʬ.
bending
ʭ.
axial loading
ʮ.
high-speed rotation
ʯ.
direct impact from anteromedial
ʰ.
crush from anteromedial to posterolateral
ʱ.
Increase stiffness
ʲ.
Increase fracture toughness
ʳ.
Increase fatigue strength
ʴ.
Decrease mechanical strength
ʵ.
Decrease wear rate
ʶ.
disuse osteopenia
ʷ.
paraendocrine effect of the tumor
ʸ.
abnormally increased density on the right side
ʹ.
side effect of the treatment of the lesion
ʺ.
extensive tumor involvement of the left hip
ʻ.
Sciatic nerve
ʼ.
Superior gluteal artery
ʽ.
Profunda femoris artery
ʾ.
Femoral artery and nerve
ʿ.
External iliac artery and vein
ˀ.
Length
ˁ.
Moment arm
˂.
Total volume
˃.
Physiologic cross-sectional area
˄.
Distribution of slow and fast twitch fibers
˅.
decreasing initiation of action potentials.
ˆ.
increasing action potential amplitude.
ˇ.
blocking the opening of gated sodium channels.
ˈ.
decreasing the number of functional motor units.
ˉ.
slowing or stopping action potential propagation through the axon.
ˊ.
resection of the metatarsal heads of the first through fifth toes.
ˋ.
Silastic MP joint arthroplasties of the first through fifth toes.
ˌ.
fusion of the hallux MP joint and resection arthroplasty of the 2nd through fifth metatarsal heads.
ˍ.
fusion of hallux MP joint and distal osteotomy of the 2nd through 5th MT.
ˎ.
plantar condylectomy of the 2nd through 5th MT heads & resection of proximal phx of the hallux.
ˏ.
hemiarthroplasty
ː.
open reduction and internal fixation
ˑ.
closed reduction and percutaneous pinning
˒.
a sling and early pedulum exercises
˓.
a sling and swathe for 6 weeks, followed by shoulder rehabilitation
˔.
open acromioplasty
˕.
open Bankart repair
˖.
open subscapularis tendon repair
˗.
inferior capsular shift
˘.
a supervised physical therapy program
˙.
a sling and swathe, with pendulum exercises in 10 days
˚.
open reduction and internal fixation through an anterior approach
˛.
open reduction and internal fixation through a posterior approach
˜.
immobilization with a splint in 45 degrees of abduction for 6 weeks
˝.
arthroscopically assisted reduction and percutaneous screw fixation
˞.
Repair of the rotator cuff
˟.
Replacement of the humeral head
ˠ.
Resection arthroplasty
ˡ.
Total shoulder arthroplasty
ˢ.
AP and lateral radiographs of the elbow
ˣ.
Diagnositc arthroscopy
ˤ.
Aspiration of joint fluid
˥.
An erythrocyte sedimentation rate and CBC
˦.
A diagnostic lidocaine injection
˧.
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)
˨.
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1)
˩.
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
˪.
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-B)
˫.
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)
ˬ.
clinical history and radiographic findings.
˭.
technetium bone scan
ˮ.
flow cytometry pattern of extracted chondrocytes
˯.
immunohistochemical staining patterns of a biopsy specimen
˰.
histologic features of a biopsy specimen stained with hematoxylin-cosin
˱.
Radial
˲.
Radial recurrent
˳.
Posterior interosseous
˴.
Superior ulnar recurrent
˵.
Superficial radial circumflex
˶.
Impaired hydroxylation of proline
˷.
Failure of cleavage in procollagen
˸.
Defective binding sites for hydroxyproline
˹.
Failure to incorporate glycine into the helix
˺.
Diminished production of collagen through the rough endoplasmic reticulum
˻.
Asking the legal staff to seek a court injunction
˼.
Copying the patient’s chart and giving it to him as he leaves
˽.
Having the patient sign a written legal contract that specifies acceptable behavior
˾.
Continuing care of the patient until an appropriate referral can be arranged
˿.
Transferring the patient to another orthopaedic surgeon without disclosing the realreason for why the patient is being transferred
̀.
Meta-analysis
́.
Confidence interval
̂.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
̃.
Statistical significance (p-value)
̄.
Survivorship analysis (Kaplan-Meier)
̅.
Spinal shock
̆.
Neurogenic shock
̇.
Hypovolemic shock
̈.
Pulmonary embolism
̉.
Fat embolus syndrome
̊.
Lumbar spinal stenosis
̋.
Metastatic disease of the spine
̌.
Rheumatoid lumbar spondylitis
̍.
Isthmic spondyloloisthesis
̎.
Degenerative spondylolisthesis at L4-5 and L5-S1
̏.
Patella alta
̐.
A metal-backed patella
̑.
Varus malalignment of the knee
̒.
A posterior cruciate-substituting femoral component
̓.
Lateral subluxation of the patella on a Merchant’s view
̔.
The sesamoids are separated
̕.
The sesamoid is fractured
̖.
The proximal phx is on the neck of the metatarsal
̗.
The dislocation is dorsal and centered
̘.
The proximal phalanx is hyperextended
̙.
Patella
̚.
Tibial stem
̛.
Distal femoral interface
̜.
Posterior femoral interface
̝.
Sites of screw fixation for the tibia
̞.
Hallux rigidus
̟.
Fracture of the sesamoid
̠.
Disruption of the plantar plate
̡.
Osteonecrosis of the metatarsal head
̢.
Rupture of the flexor hallucis longus
̣.
Gout
̤.
Sepsis
̥.
Old trauma
̦.
Rheumatoid arthritis
̧.
Charcot arthroplasty
̨.
Aspiration and steroid injection
̩.
Biopsy, curettage, and allograft bone grafting
̪.
Percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation
̫.
Percutaneous injection of autogenous bone marrow
̬.
Nerve roots
̭.
Spinal cord
̮.
Sciatic nerve
̯.
Peroneal nerve
̰.
Conus medullaris
̱.
Extent of bone penetrated by reaming, prosthetic components, or acrylic cement
̲.
Periprosthetic regions that are accessible to joint fluid and particulate wear debris
̳.
Enveloping pseudocapsular scar tissue that develops around a prosthetic hip following surgical capsulectomy
̴.
Soft tissue and bone that are potentially contaminated with bacteria in the setting of a prosthetic joint infection
̵.
Potential intrapelvic joint space communication created by acetabular fixation screws or intrapelvic extruded acrylic cement
̶.
Early and late infection
̷.
Periprosthetic fracture of the femur
̸.
Failure of the patellofemoral and extensor mechanisms
̹.
Aseptic loosening of cementing tibial components
̺.
Asceptic loosening of cemented femoral components
̻.
Acceptance of the current position of the ankle
̼.
Open reduction and fixation in the epiphysis only
̽.
ORIF with a small-fragment T-plate from the malleolus up to the metaphysis
̾.
Closed reduction by eversion of the ankle and application of a bivalved long leg cast
̿.
CRUGA and fixation with a malleolar screw from the malleolus into the metaphysis
̀.
Resection arthroplasty and local radiation
́.
In situ fusion of the hip
͂.
Excision of heterotopic bone, total hip arthroplasty, and oral indomethacin
̓.
Excision of heterotopic bone and local radiation
̈́.
Excision of heterotopic bone, hemiarthroplasty, and oral indomethacin
Ι.
Closed reduction of both fractures and immediate spica casting
͆.
Bilateral skin traction for 3 weeks, followed by spica casting
͇.
External fixation of both femora
͈.
External fixation of the left femur and a long leg cast brace for the right femur
͉.
External fixation of the left femur and use of a reamed intramedullary nail in the right femur
͊.
Synovial sarcoma
͋.
Soft-tissue abcess
͌.
Rhabdomyosarcoma
͍.
Eosinophilic granuloma
͎.
Nodular pigmented villonodular synovitis
͏.
Changing to a titanium nail
͐.
Changing to a nonslotted nail
͑.
Changing the cross-sectional shape of the nail
͒.
Increasing the diameter of the nail by 3 mm
͓.
Increasing the diameter of the interlocking screws
͔.
Fracture healing
͕.
Chondrosarcoma
͖.
Periosteal chondroma
͗.
Periosteal osteosarcoma
͘.
Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica
͙.
Demonstrate competence in the subject of the case
͚.
Be fellowship trained in the subject of the case
͛.
Be paid on a contingency basis
͜.
Be board certified by the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery
͝.
Have been involved in the case as a consultant
͞.
Diagnostic arthroscopy
͟.
Arthroscopy and subacromial decompression
͠.
Reduction and fixation of the proximal humeral epiphysis
͡.
Temporary cessation of throwing
͢.
Physical therapy for rotator cuff strengthening
ͣ.
Oblique popliteal ligament
ͤ.
Lateral capsule
ͥ.
Popliteal tendon
ͦ.
Fibular collateral ligament
ͧ.
Posterior oblique ligament
ͨ.
Radial tear
ͩ.
Parrot-beak tear
ͪ.
Vertical tear in the “red-red” zone
ͫ.
Vertical tear in the “red-white” zone
ͬ.
Vertical tear in the “white-white” zone
ͭ.
0 degrees of abduction, with neural rotation
ͮ.
40 degrees of flexion and 60 degrees of internal rotation
ͯ.
45 degrees of flexion and 45 degrees of external rotation
Ͱ.
90 degrees of abduction with neutral rotation
Ͱ.
90 degrees of abduction and 90 degrees of external rotation
Ͳ.
Sural
Ͳ.
Saphenous and its branches
ʹ.
Posterior tibial and its branches
͵.
Deep peroneal and its branches
Ͷ.
Superficial peroneal and its branches
Ͷ.
Strength
.
Stiffness
.
Shelf life
ͺ.
Antigenicity
Ͻ.
Risk of HIV transmission
Ͼ.
Indemnification
Ͽ.
Occurrence
;.
Excess liability
Ϳ.
Claims-made
.
Nose
.
Lateral Y
.
Scapular AP
.
Neutral rotation AP
΄.
Internal rotation AP
΅.
External rotation AP
Ά.
Trauma
·.
Hemophilia
Έ.
Reiter’s syndrome
Ή.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Ί.
Systemic lupus erythematosus
.
Cast immobilization for 6 weeks
Ό.
Activity modification and re-evaluation in 2 months
.
Internal fixation with or without bone grafting
Ύ.
Retrograde drilling of the defect without articular cartilage penetration
Ώ.
Drilling of the defect directly through the articular cartilage
Ϊ́.
repair or reconstruction of the medial collateral ligament
Α.
repair or reconstruction of the medialand lateral collateral ligaments
Β.
immobilization for 5 days or less
Γ.
immobilization for 14 days
Δ.
immobilization for 25 days
Ε.
Cystinosis
Ζ.
Hypophosphatemia
Η.
Renal osteodystrophy
Θ.
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Ι.
Nutritional vitamin D deficiency
Κ.
Lateral meniscus tear
Λ.
Popliteus tenosynovitis
Μ.
Iliotibial band friction syndrome
Ν.
Peroneal nerve entrapment
Ξ.
Biceps tendinitis
Ο.
Observation
Π.
Removal of the prosthetic components
Ρ.
Operative exploration and decompression of the peroneal nerve
.
Nerve conduction velocity studies
Σ.
Loosening of the primary dressings and knee flexion to 30 degrees
Τ.
I
Υ.
II
Φ.
III
Χ.
decreased tissue tension
Ψ.
decreased abductor lever arm
Ω.
decreased joint reaction force
Ϊ.
increased body weight over lever arm
Ϋ.
increased polyethylene wear rate
Ά.
recurrent traumatic anterior dislocation
Έ.
recurrent traumatic posterior dislocation
Ή.
traumatic subluxation with no previous dislocation
Ί.
traumatic anterior subluxation
Ϋ́.
atraumatic involuntary subluxation
Α.
radial
Β.
axillary
Γ.
suprascapular
Δ.
thoracodorsal
Ε.
long thoracic
Ζ.
Flexion
Η.
Extension
Θ.
Axial rotation
Ι.
Left lateral bending
Κ.
Right lateral bending
Λ.
Skin
Μ.
Lung
Ν.
Brain
Ξ.
Heart
Ο.
Kidney
Π.
Thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular
Ρ.
Thoracoacromial, anterior humeral circumflex, posterior humeral circumflex
Σ.
Posterior humeral circumflex, subscapular, thoracacromial
Σ.
Subscapular, thoracacromial, anterior humeral circumflex
Τ.
Lateral thoracic, anterior humeral circumflex, thoracacromial
Υ.
Respondeat superior
Φ.
Indemnity agreement
Χ.
Hold harmless agreement- attempt to shift liability from company to physician
Ψ.
Comparative negligence-% of involvement
Ω.
Contributory negligence- resident contributed to the negligence
Ϊ.
t-type
Ϋ.
both column
Ό.
transverse
Ύ.
anterior column
Ώ.
anterior column posterior hemitransverse
Ϗ.
Posterior interosseous
Β.
Anterior interosseous
Θ.
Radial
ϒ.
Median
ϓ.
Ulnar
ϔ.
Shock from hypovolemia
Φ.
Associated rupture of the bladder
Π.
Arterial bleeding on pelvic angiogram
Ϗ.
Presence of a hematoma in the perineum and scrotum
Ϙ.
Fractures of both the anterior and posterior pelvic ring
