1. General Principles & Basic Science MCQs

The most sensitive test for posterior cruciate ligament injury is the:

A 19-year-old football player sustains a direct compressive blow to the medial clavicle. He presents with shortness of breath, dysphagia, and a palpable defect at the medial clavicle. Which imaging modality is considered the gold standard for accurately evaluating this injury?

A 28-year-old pitcher complains of poorly localized posterolateral shoulder pain and paresthesias. Angiography reveals dynamic occlusion of the posterior circumflex humeral artery with the arm in extreme abduction and external rotation. Which nerve is most likely concurrently compressed in this specific anatomical syndrome?

During anterior portal placement in shoulder arthroscopy, the musculocutaneous nerve is at risk if instruments are directed too far medially and inferiorly. The safe zone is determined by the nerve's entry into the conjoined tendon, which is typically located how far distal to the tip of the coracoid process?

A patient undergoes a Latarjet procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Postoperatively, he presents with profound weakness in elbow flexion and forearm supination, along with numbness over the lateral aspect of the forearm. Which structure was most likely injured during the procedure?

A 35-year-old man presents with poorly localized posterior shoulder pain and numbness over the lateral deltoid. MRI shows isolated atrophy of the teres minor. Which of the following defines the superior border of the anatomical space involved in this syndrome?

An 18-year-old is involved in a high-speed motor vehicle accident and presents with severe chest pain, dyspnea, and dysphagia. Exam reveals a palpable defect at the medial end of the right clavicle. What is the best initial diagnostic imaging and definitive treatment if closed reduction fails?

During a routine shoulder arthroscopy, the surgeon establishes the standard posterior portal approximately 2 cm inferior and 1 cm medial to the posterolateral corner of the acromion. If this portal is placed too inferiorly, which nerve is at greatest risk of injury?

During an open anterior shoulder stabilization, a retractor is placed medially over the anterior aspect of the glenoid neck and conjoint tendon. The patient develops postoperative numbness over the lateral forearm and weakness in elbow flexion. Which nerve was most likely injured?

After landing awkwardly on his flexed knee, a 22-year-old basketball player has immediate onset of pain and difficulty bearing weight. With the knee flexed 30°, examination reveals increased varus, external rotation, and posterior translation which decreases when the knee is flexed to 90°. The patient most likely has injured what structure(s):

All of the following structures have attachment to the medial femoral condyle except the:

A 24-year-old cross-country runner complains of anterior knee pain after running. Palpation reveals point tenderness at the inferior pole of the patella. Range of motion is full and exam demonstrates no patellofemoral crepitus. Management should include:

To be considered for repair, a meniscal tear must fulfill all of the following criteria except:

In a congruent patellofemoral joint, the patella centers within the trochlear groove by what degree of flexion:

A 22-year-old football player sustains a valgus knee injury. MRI demonstrates a complete rupture of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) with the distal end flipped superficial to the pes anserinus tendons. What is the most appropriate management?

A 29-year-old distance runner presents with lateral knee pain. Pain is reproduced when pressure is applied over the lateral femoral epicondyle while extending the knee from 90 degrees to full extension. At what angle of flexion is the pain typically most severe (Noble compression test)?

A 45-year-old male sustains a traumatic posterior root tear of the medial meniscus. From a biomechanical perspective, an untreated posterior root tear of the medial meniscus leads to which of the following joint contact property alterations?

A 9-year-old boy presents with a painful snapping sensation in his lateral knee. MRI demonstrates a discoid lateral meniscus. The Wrisberg variant of a discoid meniscus is characterized by the absence of which of the following anatomic structures?