Surgical Anatomy & Approaches MCQs

During a deltopectoral approach to the shoulder, excessive medial retraction of the conjoined tendon puts the musculocutaneous nerve at risk. This nerve classically penetrates which of the following muscles?

A patient sustains a closed fracture of the humerus resulting in a radial nerve palsy. According to the Sunderland classification, a third-degree nerve injury is characterized by disruption of the axon and which of the following structures?

Following a closed humerus fracture, a patient exhibits a complete radial nerve palsy. Electromyography (EMG) performed at 4 weeks shows fibrillation potentials in the brachioradialis but no voluntary motor unit action potentials. This finding indicates:

A patient undergoes a primary THA via the direct anterior (Smith-Petersen) approach. Postoperatively, she reports a burning sensation and numbness over the anterolateral aspect of her thigh. Which nerve is most likely affected, and between which two muscles does it typically emerge in the proximal thigh?

During hip arthroscopy, establishing the anterior portal requires careful anatomic knowledge. Placing the anterior portal too medial or deep puts which of the following nerves at highest risk?

The direct anterior approach (Smith-Petersen) for total hip arthroplasty utilizes a true internervous and intermuscular plane. This plane separates muscles innervated by which two nerves?

During surgical approach for an acetabular fracture utilizing the ilioinguinal approach, the surgeon must be cautious of the 'corona mortis'. This anatomical structure is a vascular anastomosis between which two vascular systems?

A 25-year-old male sustains a closed humerus fracture and subsequent radial nerve palsy. Electromyography (EMG) at 4 weeks shows fibrillation potentials, but the nerve sheath remains intact. According to Sunderland's classification, this corresponds to a 2nd-degree injury. What is the equivalent Seddon classification and prognosis?

A 28-year-old male sustains a closed mid-shaft humeral fracture resulting in an immediate complete radial nerve palsy. He is treated non-operatively with a functional brace. At 12 weeks post-injury, the fracture shows early signs of union, but there is no clinical or electromyographic (EMG) evidence of radial nerve recovery. What is the most appropriate next step in management?

During a lateral deltoid-splitting approach for open reduction and internal fixation of a proximal humerus fracture, the surgeon must identify and protect the axillary nerve. At what average distance distal to the lateral edge of the acromion does the axillary nerve cross the humerus?

A 25-year-old male sustains a closed midshaft humeral fracture with an immediate radial nerve palsy. Closed reduction is performed, and post-reduction examination reveals a worsening of the radial nerve palsy. What is the most appropriate next step?

During a surgical approach to the anterior elbow (Henry approach), which interval is utilized to access the proximal radius, and which nerve must be protected?

During an open subpectoral biceps tenodesis, the surgeon inadvertently places a medial retractor too aggressively on the humerus. The patient postoperatively demonstrates weakness in elbow flexion and numbness over the lateral forearm. Which nerve was most likely injured?

During a direct anterior (Smith-Petersen) approach for a total hip arthroplasty, the surgeon dissects through the superficial internervous plane. This plane separates muscles innervated by which two nerves?

In the direct anterior approach for THA (Smith-Petersen interval), the superficial internervous plane is developed between which of the following pairs of muscles?

The direct anterior (Smith-Petersen) approach to the hip utilizes an internervous plane between muscles supplied by which two specific nerves?

A surgeon utilizes the direct anterior approach for a primary THA. This approach exploits an internervous and intermuscular plane. Which of the following accurately describes the superficial interval used in this approach?

A surgeon is utilizing the direct anterior approach for a primary THA. This approach exploits a true internervous plane. Between which two muscles is the superficial surgical interval developed?

A 24-year-old sustains an anterior shoulder dislocation. After closed reduction, he has numbness over the lateral deltoid and cannot actively contract the muscle. At 3 weeks post-injury, he has no clinical improvement, and an EMG demonstrates fibrillation potentials in the deltoid and teres minor. What is the most appropriate management?

A 29-year-old elite tennis player presents with vague posterior shoulder pain and early fatigue. Examination reveals isolated atrophy of the teres minor. MR angiography demonstrates focal occlusion of the posterior circumflex humeral artery when the shoulder is positioned in abduction and external rotation. This pathology involves compression within a space bound superiorly by which structure?