Surgical Anatomy & Approaches MCQs

During a lateral approach to the proximal humerus for open reduction and internal fixation, the axillary nerve must be identified and protected. What is the average distance of the axillary nerve from the lateral edge of the acromion, and what structure does it run deep to?

During a posterolateral (Kocher) approach to the radial head, the internervous plane utilized is between the anconeus and the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU). The posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) is most at risk of injury when retracting which of the following muscles?

The anterior approach to the hip (Smith-Petersen) utilizes an internervous plane between the sartorius and the tensor fasciae latae. Which of the following nerves is at greatest risk during the superficial dissection?

The volar (Henry) approach to the forearm utilizes the internervous plane between the brachioradialis and the pronator teres proximally. Which of the following nerves innervates the brachioradialis?

During an axillary approach to the shoulder, the surgeon must identify the boundaries of the quadrangular space to protect its neurovascular contents. Which of the following muscles forms the inferior border of this anatomical space?

The direct anterior approach (Smith-Petersen) for total hip arthroplasty is gaining popularity due to its internervous plane. Which of the following describes the correct superficial internervous plane utilized in this approach?

The direct anterior approach (Smith-Petersen) for total hip arthroplasty utilizes a superficial internervous plane. Which of the following best describes the nerve supplies to the muscles bounding this plane?

The direct anterior approach (DAA) to the hip is increasingly popular for primary THA. This approach utilizes a true internervous plane between which two muscles superficially?

When performing a direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty, the superficial internervous plane utilizes the interval between which two muscles?

During the ilioinguinal approach to the acetabulum, the surgeon must be careful to identify and ligate the 'corona mortis' to prevent life-threatening hemorrhage. This structure typically represents an anastomosis between which two vascular systems?

During the ilioinguinal approach for an associated both-column acetabular fracture

, the surgeon develops the 'middle window'. Which structures define the borders of this window, and what critical structure lies within it?

A 45-year-old male presents with a hemodynamically unstable pelvic crush injury. Angiography shows active extravasation from the 'corona mortis'. Which of the following describes the most common arterial vessels communicating at this anatomic structure?

A 35-year-old male undergoes open reduction and internal fixation of a posterior wall acetabular fracture via the Kocher-Langenbeck approach. Postoperatively, he exhibits a foot drop. Which specific neural structure was most likely injured or overly retracted during the procedure?

A 30-year-old male is undergoing open reduction of a posterior wall acetabular fracture via a Kocher-Langenbeck approach. The surgeon limits splitting of the gluteus maximus and avoids dissecting more than 5 cm proximal to the greater sciatic notch. This maneuver is specifically performed to protect which of the following nerves?

A 22-year-old rugby player with recurrent anterior shoulder instability and 25% glenoid bone loss undergoes a Latarjet procedure. During the coracoid osteotomy and transfer, which nerve is at the greatest risk of iatrogenic injury during deep medial retraction?

A patient sustains a closed midshaft humerus fracture and immediately develops a complete radial nerve palsy. The surgeon elects for nonoperative management and orders an electromyogram (EMG). At what minimum time point after the injury will fibrillation potentials characteristic of axonal denervation first be reliably detected?

When performing a direct anterior approach to the hip for a total hip arthroplasty, the surgeon exploits an internervous plane. Which of the following accurately describes the muscles and their respective innervations that define this plane superficially?

A 55-year-old female undergoes a direct anterior approach for a total hip arthroplasty. Post-operatively, she complains of numbness over the anterolateral aspect of her thigh. Which nerve is most likely affected, and what is its anatomic relationship to the surgical interval?

During an ilioinguinal approach for an anterior column acetabular fracture, significant hemorrhage occurs while dissecting the posterior aspect of the superior pubic ramus. Which of the following vascular anastomoses is most likely injured?