Surgical Anatomy & Approaches MCQs

The hip joint capsule is reinforced by several strong ligaments. Which ligament is the strongest in the body and acts primarily to prevent hyperextension of the hip joint?

A patient with suspected anterior hip instability requires an assessment of the hip capsular ligaments. Which ligament is the thickest in the body and serves as the primary restraint to hip extension and external rotation?

A 35-year-old male sustains a severe proximal humerus fracture. Follow-up electromyography reveals isolated denervation of the teres minor and deltoid muscles. The affected nerve passes through an anatomic space bordered superiorly by which of the following structures?

A surgeon is performing a Smith-Petersen approach for an open reduction of a developmental dysplasia of the hip. This anterior approach utilizes a true internervous plane. Which of the following nerve combinations supplies the muscles that define this superficial plane?

During an inside-out medial meniscus repair, a pure sensory nerve is inadvertently injured. This nerve normally travels through Hunter's canal in the thigh alongside which of the following vessels?

The superficial peroneal nerve is at risk during a lateral surgical approach to the fibula for fracture fixation. At what average distance proximal to the tip of the lateral malleolus does this nerve typically pierce the crural fascia to become subcutaneous?

A patient is evaluated for an inability to actively extend the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints, though wrist extension is maintained with slight radial deviation. The compressed nerve normally enters the posterior forearm by passing between the two heads of which muscle?

A patient sustains a midshaft humerus fracture. Upon examination, they are unable to extend their wrist or digits. Assuming the lesion is distal to the spiral groove, which of the following muscles is typically the first to regain function during spontaneous nerve recovery?

During an anterior approach (Smith-Petersen) to the hip, the superficial internervous plane is between the sartorius and the tensor fasciae latae. What are the respective nerve supplies of these muscles?

During the Henry approach to the proximal radius, the deep dissection requires managing the supinator to expose the bone. To minimize the risk of injury to the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN), how should the supinator be managed?

Which of the following neurovascular structures pass through the quadrangular space of the shoulder?

A patient sustains a traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation. The most commonly injured nerve in this scenario arises primarily from which of the following roots of the brachial plexus?

During a posterior approach to the shoulder, the axillary nerve must be identified to prevent iatrogenic injury. Which of the following sets of structures forms the borders of the quadrangular space, through which the axillary nerve exits?

During an anterior intrapelvic (modified Stoppa) approach for an acetabular fracture, massive bleeding is encountered directly posterior to the superior pubic ramus. This is most likely due to injury to the corona mortis, which represents an anastomosis between which two vascular systems?

To safely access the posterior hip joint, an understanding of the relationship between the sciatic nerve and the piriformis muscle is essential. In the normal and most common anatomic arrangement, where does the sciatic nerve pass?

During an anterolateral (Henry) approach to the distal humerus, the brachialis muscle is split to expose the humeral shaft. Which of the following describes the innervation of the medial and lateral portions of the brachialis muscle?

During an ilioinguinal approach for an acetabular fracture, significant hemorrhage occurs while dissecting near the superior pubic ramus. This is most likely due to a variant anastomotic vessel connecting the external iliac system to which of the following arteries?

A 28-year-old overhead athlete presents with posterior shoulder pain and deltoid weakness. An MRI demonstrates isolated atrophy of the teres minor. Entrapment of a nerve in which of the following spaces is most likely responsible?

During a surgical approach to the medial thigh, the boundaries of the femoral triangle must be respected to avoid neurovascular injury. What structure forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?

The standard deltopectoral approach to the shoulder utilizes a true internervous plane. This plane exists between muscles innervated by which of the following pairs of nerves?