Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of conditions that involve permanent motor dysfunction due to abnormalities of the developing fetal or infant brain. CP affects about 2 to 3 per 1000 live births worldwide, and can cause various physical, cognitive, and emotional challenges for children and their
This article provides a comprehensive overview of orthopaedic management of cerebral palsy, including assessment and evaluation, stretching and strengthening exercises, orthotics, surgical intervention, and Botox injections. Mohammad
r DEFINITION Pes cavus is characterized by increased plantarflexion of the forefoot and midfoot in relation to the hindfoot. An isolated pes cavus is rare; it is commonly accompanied by other deformities of the foot.
PREFERRED RESPONSE 3 Improved medical management has changed musculoskeletal outcomes for individuals with hemophilia. Patients with severe hemophilia receiving prophylactic administration of factor VIII may never develop a target joint that requires further orthopaedic intervention.
(SAE09TR.72) A 13-year-old girl sustained an isolated midshaft left femoral fracture in a motor vehicle accident. The fracture was treated with a rigid, antegrade intramedullary nail placed through the piriformis fossa. The fracture healed uneventfully, as shown in Figure 46a; however, at 12 months
(SAE08OS.6) Figures 2a and 2b show the radiograph and MRI scan of a 56-year-old woman who has low back pain and right leg pain. She has grade 3/5 toe and ankle dorsiflexion strength on the right side. Nonsurgical management has failed to provide relief; therefore, surgery should include Review
What assay is commonly used to examine the level of messenger RNA (mRNA) of a particular gene? Western blot Southern blot Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) Immunocytochemical analysis Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(OBQ14.208) When treating a proximal tibia fracture, the surgeon decides to (1) use blocking screws in the proximal fragment, and (2) pick the intramedullary nail based on the location of the Herzog curve. Which of the following combinations will best prevent the classic deformity associated with
DEFINITION Long thoracic nerve palsy leads to classical medial scapular winging because of weakness of the serratus anterior muscle (FIG 1). Other types of winging include trapezius lateral winging and rhomboid winging. Lesions of the long thoracic nerve can range from paresis to
ORTHOPEDIC MCQS BANK ONLINE OITE 21 For OITE 21 FIGURES CLICK OITE21FIG 01.1 A 49-year-old man has a persistent Trendelenburg gait after undergoing open reduction and internal fixation of a posterior wall acetabular fracture 6 months ago. The radiographs reveal a normal
ORTHOPEDIC MCQS BANK OUTE 99 99.1 Examination of a 60-year-old man who has a painful flatfoot deformity reveals no demonstrable function of the posterior tibial tendon. Neither the hindfoot valgus nor the forefoot pronation is passively correctable, and management consisting of shoe
ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE OB 20 TRAUMA 2C week of indomethacin followed by 5 weeks of placebo, and (4) 6 weeks of indomethacin and followed for 1 year. The authors concluded that the use of prophylactic postoperative indomethacin increases the incidence of symptomatic nonunion of the PW as assessed
ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE OB 20 TRAUMA 2B CT angiography and admit the patient for hourly neurovascular checks Interventional radiology consult for formal angiography and stenting Corrent answer: 2 This patient has a posterior knee dislocation with an ischemic limb
ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE OB 20 TRAUMA 2A OrthoCash 2020 A 25 year-old-male presents with the injury seen in Figure A. Which of the following would be a contraindication to closed management with a functional
ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE 20 OB TRAUMA 1C Figure A Buttress plating is most appropriate in which of the following clinical
ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE 010 PEDIATRIC 2010 Pediatric Orthopaedic Examination Answer Book • 7 Figure la Figure lb Question 1 A 5-year-old boy has had a limp for the past 4 weeks with intermittent pain at
ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE 012 TRAUMA 2012 Musculoskeletal Trauma Self-Assessment Examination by
ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE 013 PEDIATRIC 2013 Pediatric Orthopaedic Self-Assessment Examination by Dr.Dhahirortho 1 Question 1-Figure 1 is the radiograph of a child who has pain in his
ORTHO MCQS PEDS 10 2010 Pediatric Orthopaedic Examination Answer Book • 7 Figure la Figure lb Question 1 A 5-year-old boy has had a limp for the past 4 weeks with intermittent pain at the foot. He remains normally active and has no
ORTHOPEDIC MCQS OB 20 BASIC 4 A 64-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis has decreased functional use of the left hand for activities of daily living. On physical examination she has fixed deformities of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints as demonstrated in Figure
ORTHOPEDIC MCQS BANK WITH ANSWER PEDS 01 1. The inheritance of the deformity shown in Figure 1 is most commonly 1-
ORTHOPEDIC MCQS WITH ANSWER TRAUMA 03 1. A 21-year-old woman who was wearing a seat belt sustained an injury of the thoracolumbar junction in a motor vehicle accident. The AP radiograph shows widening between the L1 and L2 spinous processes,
ORTHOPEDIC MCQS WITH ANSWER PEDS 04 1. An 8-year-old boy sustains nondisplaced midshaft fractures of the tibia and fibula after being struck by a car while he was riding his bicycle. No other injuries are noted, but the patient reports pain
ORTHOPEDIC MCQS ONLINE PEDIATRICS 07 1. A pediatric orthopaedic surgeon refers a child to a neurologist. The neurologist’s office requests the office records of the pediatric orthopaedic surgeon. To maintain Health Insurance Portability and
ONLINE ORTHOPEDIC MCQS TRAUMA 9 1. A 26-year-old woman sustained a nondisplaced femoral neck fracture and treatment consisted of use of percutaneous cannulated screws. At her 3-month follow-up visit, she reports hip pain and is unable to
Pediatric Orthopaedic MCQS Self-Assessment Examination 2020 Question 1 of 100 Figures 1 and 2 are the radiographs of an 11-year-old girl who is having right elbow pain after “trying to beat up a